FSHN 150 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Chapter: 5 Ch. 5 Lipids – types and functions1. Fatty acids – saturated, polyunsaturated, monounsaturated2. They don’t dissolve readily in water3. Essential acids – alpha linoleic (omega 3)Need 2-4 tablespoons per dayImmune function, vision, cell membrane + production of hormonesOmega 6- alpha linoleic acid4. Functions of fat – concentrated energy (diet + main storage form)Cell membranes, body insulation + paddingProvides essential fatty acids, carrier of fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)5. Triglycerides – glycerol + 3 fatty acids -> functions: energy, fatty acids, fat soluble vitamins6. Phospholipids – water loving head, fat loving tail Outline cell membrane + are emulsifiers(bile), helps transport other fats in bloods7. Sterols – multi-ringed structures, non calorie Don’t dissolve readily in water8. Functions of cholesterol in body – cell membranes, create vitamin D+estrogen+testosterone, in bile, produced by liver, ANIMAL PRODUCT, non-essential9. Omega 3 has double bond on 3rd carbon, Omega 6 has on 6th carbon10. Cis VS Trans – hydrogenated, add H to C=C Fatty acidCIS – liquid, bent structure, oilTrans – solid, straight structure, hydrogenated, hydrogenated oilCH. 5 Lipids- Metabolism 1. Fat digested- Mouth: Lingual lipase, only short chain Fatty acid (milk fat) Stomach: gastric lipase, short and medium chain fatty acidsSmall intestine: Triglyceride + pancreatic lipase + bile+free fatty acids+glycerol+monoglycerides+bileFree fatty acids + monoglycerides+glycerol absorbed into SI cells2. Chilomicrons(SI)- enter lymphatic system goes to cardiovascular system, carries dietary lipids to tissues, 85% fat- triglyceride, triglyceride removed to mostly stored, remnants picked up to recycled by liver, levels elevated after meal.VLDL- In liver (from remnants in liver of chylomicrons)triglycerides rich source, transport lipids to tissues, triglycerides used for energy+storageLDL- Remnant of VLDL after most of the triglyceride removed, increase in cholesterol decrease in triglyceride, delivers cholesterol to body cells, LDL cleared by liver delivers cholesterol to body cells, LDL cleared by liver.Diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol encourage liver uptake of LDLHDL- Made by liver+SI, lowers in triglycerides, moderate in cholesterol, high protein, scavenges cholesterol, transports to liver, protective against CVDThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.3. bile is to emulsify fats4. Fat digestion- 1. large fat droplets enter small intestine after meal, 2. bile acids (mostly) + Lecithin emulsify fats into smaller particles, 3. lipase breaks down into fatty acids+monoglycerides, 4. monoglycerides +fatty acids are absorbed as micelles through the brush border and then reformed into triglycerides. 5. short and medium chain fatty cid enter the bloodstream (cardiovascular) 6. triglycerides combine with cholesterol, protein, and phospholipids to form chilomicrons which enter the lymphatic system.5. Pancreatic lipase + bile dumped in SI for lipid digestion CH. 5 Lipids-Heart Disease1. dietary factors that high risk of CVD-saturated fat2. cholesterol=small increase saturated fat+transfat= high LDLPolyunsaturated fat(omega 6)=lower (LDL+HDL)Polyunsaturated fat (omega 3) +monounsaturated = low LDL and high HDL3. low risk for CVD=HDL lipoprotein 4. prevent CVD= eat more fruits, veggies, mono + polyunsaturated fats (omega 3), eat less saturated fats+omega