Caudate vs. putamen:Principal inputs from primary motor, secondary motor, and primary somatosensory cortex are to the putamenCaudate nucleus receives inputs from cortical association regions, frontal eye fields, and limbic cortexThus:putamen is concerned primarily with motor functioncaudate nucleus with cognitive aspects of movement, eye movements, and emotional correlates of movement (relegated to ventral neostriatum)putamen gets information from primary motor cortex, job is to move you aroundHypokinesia (Poverty of movement)Parkinsonism - Akinesia or rest tremor with rigidity and postural reflex deficitsHyperkinesias (Involuntary movements)Chorea - Involuntary rapid irregular movementsDystonia - Twisting, sustained abnormal postureTics - Shock-like movements of face, neck, and voiceTremor - Rhythmic to-and-fro oscillation around a jointNSC 4366 1nd Edition Lecture 11Outline of Last Lecture I. BrainstemOutline of Current Lecture II. Basal Ganglia•Basal ganglia controls movement and the pathway that controls the pathway that goes from the brain to the spinal card (corticospinal pathway)Basal Ganglia is the extrapyramidal systemThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.basal ganglia not involved in initiating movement (where/when to move - that’s motor cortex), it’s involved in how to movemotor cortex is in control. it’s a localized circuit, self contained cortex. limbic (emotional control)caudate is the most important part of the basal ganglia. Caudate is always next to lateral ventricle. internal capsule separates the putamen and caudatePutamen has white matter around itmesostriatal pathway - from midbrain to striatum. cells of origin are in substantia nigra uses dopamine as its powerdamage to compacted cells in substantia nigra is seen in parkinson’s disease, these cells supply dopaminecortex drives basal ganglia (acts like inhibition), basal ganglia tries to slowdown the thalamusCaudate vs. putamen:Principal inputs from primary motor, secondary motor, and primary somatosensory cortex are to the putamenCaudate nucleus receives inputs from cortical association regions, frontal eye fields, and limbic cortexThus:• putamen is concerned primarily with motor function• caudate nucleus with cognitive aspects of movement, eye movements, and emotional correlates of movement (relegated to ventral neostriatum)• putamen gets information from primary motor cortex, job is to move you aroundcaudate’s job is to give information to everybody else (limbic system, eye movement, etc)caudate to putamen to globus pallidus external then to internal to thalamus then back to cortexglobus pallidus:-external - lateral-internal - medialMovement Disorders:Hypokinesia (Poverty of movement)• Parkinsonism - Akinesia or rest tremor with rigidity and postural reflex deficits•Hyperkinesias (Involuntary movements) • Chorea - Involuntary rapid irregular movements• Dystonia - Twisting, sustained abnormal posture• Tics - Shock-like movements of face, neck, and voice• Tremor - Rhythmic to-and-fro oscillation around a