NSC 4366 1nd Edition Lecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture I Brainstem Outline of Current Lecture II Basal Ganglia Basal ganglia controls movement and the pathway that controls the pathway that goes from the brain to the spinal card corticospinal pathway Basal Ganglia is the extrapyramidal system These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute basal ganglia not involved in initiating movement where when to move that s motor cortex it s involved in how to move motor cortex is in control it s a localized circuit self contained cortex limbic emotional control caudate is the most important part of the basal ganglia Caudate is always next to lateral ventricle internal capsule separates the putamen and caudate Putamen has white matter around it mesostriatal pathway from midbrain to striatum cells of origin are in substantia nigra uses dopamine as its power damage to compacted cells in substantia nigra is seen in parkinson s disease these cells supply dopamine cortex drives basal ganglia acts like inhibition basal ganglia tries to slow down the thalamus Caudate vs putamen Principal inputs from primary motor secondary motor and primary somatosensory cortex are to the putamen Caudate nucleus receives inputs from cortical association regions frontal eye fields and limbic cortex Thus putamen is concerned primarily with motor function caudate nucleus with cognitive aspects of movement eye movements and emotional correlates of movement relegated to ventral neostriatum putamen gets information from primary motor cortex job is to move you around caudate s job is to give information to everybody else limbic system eye movement etc caudate to putamen to globus pallidus external then to internal to thalamus then back to cortex globus pallidus external lateral internal medial Movement Disorders Hypokinesia Poverty of movement Parkinsonism Akinesia or rest tremor with rigidity and postural reflex deficits Hyperkinesias Involuntary movements Chorea Involuntary rapid irregular movements Dystonia Twisting sustained abnormal posture Tics Shock like movements of face neck and voice Tremor Rhythmic to and fro oscillation around a joint