A. One thing you cant do is change the fiber type of muscle that you are born witha) will not change, but you can optimize that muscle for the fiber you haveb) can optimize your resting muscle tone which changes your amount of overlap on the muscle that can get the maximum tone(1) hyper extending increases overlap and decreases the muscle powerc) should be lifting 60-80% of your capaple lifingd) to maximize the resting muscle tone, you increase your spindle fiber reflex frequency(1) more stretch on spindle fiber the higher the stress on that muscle fiber(2) for more tone use less weight and increase reps for a higher spindle fiber frequency(3) alpha motor neuron determines efferent frequency(4) the inhibitory afferent neuron will inhibit the antagonistic muscle, this sends glycine that will inhibit the muscle when there is not too much stress on the tendon.(a) too much stress on the tendon will inhibit both the antagonistic and contracting musclee) reciprocal inhibition is when the antagonistic muscle is inhibited reflex is when you get better coordinationf) varying exercising intensity- cross training recruits the maximum number of fibers, recruiting the endurance fibers while the fast twitch are contractingg) tetanus- maximum force(1) unfused tetnus- the slow and gradual increase of muscle fiber input until you reach maximum and then we cycle through the motor units recruited that are reaching maximum capability so that some muscles can rest for periods of time(a) sustainable workouts, will prolongue fatigue(2) fused tetnus- can only hold this for a short period of time and leads to fatigue faster(a) need muscles to become fatigue to improve the adaptation to prolong fatigueF. Lever system on anatomy1. Fulcrum- point of angular movement2. Load mass= forcea) concentric contractions- when the joint angle is decreasing(1) when the work of the muscle is greater than the work of the loadb) eccentric contraction- when muscle joint angle is increasing(1) when the work of the muscle is less than the work of the loadc) movements based on maximum amount of work the muscle can dod) work = Force x distancee) isotonic contraction- when work is maximized, no movement with muscle work(1) muscle works without changing the position of the lever(2) when work of the muscle = the work of the load3. 3 Classes of leversa) 1st class lever- (teeter totter) fulcrum is in the middle (only at C1 of the neck, only example in the body) very powerful lever systemb) 2nd class lever- (wheel barrel) load is in the middle of the muscle and fulcrum (ankle, plantar flexion is an example of this) advantage for runningc) 3rd class lever – muscle is in between the load and fulcrum- muscle has to work harder to the load, muscle disadvantage (every other muscle in the body)(1) Most of our muscles in the body have a disadvantage for work(2) physiologically this is an advantage because it allows for flexibility, giving us a greater range of motion(a) flexibility gives us speed, and two ways to be powerful, Force is also equal to mass times acceleration(b) speed can come from flexibility and agility(c) strength = reciprocal of flexibility(d) limitation to speed with load, the speed is always only as fast as if there is no additional load on the joint –where muscle point is equal to the load it is called the isometric point.(e) isometric point- point at which we can no longer move the mass at velocity4. Reflexesa) Inherent/protective reflex- in plantar jointb) Explosive/ one time reflex- dangerous, when we injure ourselvesc) Endurance/ Rythmic- conditioned, practiced5. Fatigue- there is not one answer for why muscles fatigue besides energy supporta) We store ATP at a high ratio, when we run out, we may fatigueb) Carb loading= days prior and this glycogen storage exists only in the muscle, after this, use fatc) To get fat to muscles, need cortisol and epinephrine, more and more endurance training will relocate the fat around the body so that they can use that fat fasterd) Can only increase amount of mitochondria to decrease the amount of lactic acid producede) Training improves fatigue resistance – calcium and potassiumf) Central fatigue is where we start feeling painLecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture VII. Voluntary Skeletal muscle A. 3 muscles that are involvedB. Skeletal muscleC. Functional Characteristics of muscleD. ContractionE. Muscle fiber types Outline of Current Lecture E. Muscle fiber types (continued)F. Lever System and AnatomyCurrent LectureE. Muscle fiber types (continued)A. One thing you cant do is change the fiber type of muscle that you are born with a) will not change, but you can optimize that muscle for the fiber you haveb) can optimize your resting muscle tone which changes your amount of overlap on the muscle that can get the maximum tone (1) hyper extending increases overlap and decreases the muscle powerc) should be lifting 60-80% of your capaple lifing d) to maximize the resting muscle tone, you increase your spindle fiber reflex frequency(1) more stretch on spindle fiber the higher the stress on that muscle fiber (2) for more tone use less weight and increase reps for a higher spindle fiber frequency(3) alpha motor neuron determines efferent frequency (4) the inhibitory afferent neuron will inhibit the antagonistic muscle, thissends glycine that will inhibit the muscle when there is not too much stresson the tendon.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. BY 116 1st Edition(a) too much stress on the tendon will inhibit both the antagonistic and contracting muscle e) reciprocal inhibition is when the antagonistic muscle is inhibited reflex is when you get better coordinationf) varying exercising intensity- cross training recruits the maximum number offibers, recruiting the endurance fibers while the fast twitch are contractingg) tetanus- maximum force (1) unfused tetnus- the slow and gradual increase of muscle fiber input until you reach maximum and then we cycle through the motor units recruited that are reaching maximum capability so that some muscles can rest for periods of time(a) sustainable workouts, will prolongue fatigue (2) fused tetnus- can only hold this for a short period of time and leads to fatigue faster (a) need muscles to become fatigue to improve the adaptation to prolong fatigue F. Lever system on anatomy1. Fulcrum- point of angular movement 2. Load