● Greece is a peninsula ● Peloponnesos (Sparta, Pylos, Olympia, Corinth, Mycenae)Greek History:● Independent settlements (including Mycenae)-Rich palaces-Warrior Culture● Linear B● Falling apart by ca. 1200BC○ Destruction of cities○ MigrationsDark age: ca. 1200-750 Bc● Loss of population● Poverty, simple houses○ No monumental structures● Loss of writing-oral poetry continues● Social values similar to those in lliad and odysseyArchaic Age: ca. 750-500 BC● End of Dark age-Agriculture returning by ca/ 859 BC-Population growth-Iron Displaces bronze● Development of city-state (polis)-monumental buildings● Panhellenism-First olympics in 776 BC● Return of writing (ca. 750-700 BC)Classical Period: 5th-4th C. BC● Importance of the polis-City and surrounding territory● Civic unit-Citizenship and identity-Legal equality for citizens-Participation in politics● Persian wars & Peloponnesian war● Flourishing of Athenian literaturePersian Wars: 490s-479 BC● Persian expansion● Ionian revolt● Greeks defeat Persians in a series of battles-Athens & Sparta important leadersAthenian Empire: 477-430s BC● Delian League with Athens in charge-Cash replaces warships-Alliance becomes mandatory● Tension with Sparta● Pericles’ building program-ParthenonPeloponnesian war: 431-404 BC● Athens vs. Sparta-squabbling allies● Plague in Athens (429 BC)● Athenian capture of Spartan hoplites (435 BC)● Athenian expedition to Sicily (415 BC● Athens surrenders to Sparta (404 BC)A few more decades of fighting among Greeks cities.Rise of Macedonia: 340s-323 BC● Macedonian king Philip II-Gains power ion Greece (350s-338 BC)● Alexander the Great-Becomes king (336 BC)-Takes over Persian Empire (334-331 BC)-Goes east to India and back to Persia (329-324 BC)● Alexander DiesHellenistic AGE (323-30 BC)● Alexanders empire divided up between his generals after his death● Multiculturalism● Cities as economic and social centers-Alexandria as center for poetry and learning● Increased realism in artSocial and Family Roles: Men● Center of Household-Politics-Business-Religious affairs● Established son’s place in the city● Kyrios to daughters/wifeSocial and Family Roles: women● Primary function: producing legitimate children ● Entrusted with management of the household-Finances-Slaves● Weaving● Legally subordinate to a kyrios● Confined to the house (?)Social and Family Roles: Slaves● Property of the household or city● Can be used in any way-mental or technical/skilled● Not always permanent -can be freed by masters (manumission)● Not based on