PSY 231 1st edition Lecture 8Outline of Last Lecture I. Controversies in early childhood developmentII. Rouge testIII. In-class activities completedOutline of Current Lecture I. Babies’ brains II. Elizabeth TraphagenIII. Intensive Care UnitsIV. Site in newbornsCurrent LectureI. Babies’ brainsa. Weigh less than 1 pound  brain is the size of a grain of riceb. 10,000 nerve cells c. Neurons don’t get replaced like other cells of the body doi. “Use it or lose it” – strengthen appropriate connections and prune inappropriate connectionsii. Young neurons have an idea of where they’re migrating to and what their function will bed. For premature babies, this brain development is only part way overII. Elizabeth Traphagena. One of the premature babies studied in this documentaryb. Born 3 months early, at 28 weeks and 6 daysc. Weighed 3 pounds, and was 14 inches longd. Active lungs and heart, but the brain is not fully prepared for the world outside the wombi. Brain reacts to every stimulation because it can’t stop itii. Vulnerable because it still has development and connections to makeIII. Intensive Care Unitsa. Premature babies who undergo the normal procedure in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) face developmental difficulties in later lifei. Struggle with paying attention, prioritizing, etc. as they grow upThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.ii. Not comparable to full-term infantsiii. Brain is faced with more challenges than in the womb, and they can’t manage themselves in the way a full-term baby can1. Over-reactive responsesb. Heidelise Alsi. Researcher devoted to studying premature babies and how their care outside the womb when they’re born can enhance their development rather than leaving it lacking behind babies who are born at full-termii. Studied Elizabeth Traphagen1. Saw that contact with the mother and father help keep the baby calm and relaxeda. Mother especiallyb. Skin-to-skin contact2. Compared Elizabeth’s brain to the brain of other premature babiesthat underwent traditional medical procedures  saw that Elizabeth had an exemplary, full-term EEG comparable to normal, full-turn babies—and maybe even a little better3. Environment shapes brain, but can’t completely override genetics (plasticity)IV. Site in newbornsa. Able to recognize their mothers very soonb. Vision is the last of the senses to developc. Newborn images are comparable to looking at a faded picture through a tubei. Good for them because the brain can handle the dampened down stimulation, but it is still criticald. Specific case in moviei. Holly McMillan – 5 weeks oldii. Has a cataract in one eye that must be removed or else she won’t see like a normal childiii. Critical images can’t get to the brain and keeps it from making important connections (related to “Use It or Lose It”)iv. 1 – 2 months of missing out on these important connections = permanentdamagev. Lens must be removed and replaced with a permanent contact lens so clear images are able to be seenvi. Vision is still in danger 1. Holly needs to wear a patch over the good eye so the weak eye has a chance to make connections, otherwise the good eye will take over all of the brain spacevii. Results: Can see as well as a newborn, but not as well as babies their ownage1. Catch up relatively quickly2. Vision improves until their 1st birthday3. 7 months after surgery- vision is still