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UW-Milwaukee BIOSCI 100 - Exam 2 Study Guide
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BIO SCI 100 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Lectures: 6-10Lecture 6 (February 19)What does the term porifera mean? “Pore-bearing”.Do they have tissues and organs? No they don’t have true tissues or organs.What is the sponge rigidity due to and what is it made of? Due to spicules composed of calciumcarbonate or silicone.What kind of pores do they have? Ostia pores.What is the symmetry of Poriferans? No true symmetry.What level of organization are Poriferans at? Cellular level of organization.What two components make up the skeleton of Poriferans? Spicules and Spongin.What kind of reproduction do sponges use and how are they performed? Can reproduce both asexually and sexually. Uses asexual reproduction by budding externally and internally. Uses sexual reproduction by releasing sperm into water by canal system and is ingested by other sponges where the sperm migrates to the egg.Are sponges monoecious or dioecious? Monoecious.How do Poriferans feed? Exclusive filter feeders.What are the cells involved in the feeding and digestion of sponges and what are their duties? Choanocytes: line the canal system. Flagellated cells: trap food particles using sieve-like collar.Archaeocytes: digest food particles passed on to it from the flagellated cells by phagocytosis.What are the different classes of porifera and what are they made of? Class Calcarea: sponges with spicules of calcium carbonate. Class Hexactnidella: “glass” sponges that are made only ofsilicone. Class Demospongiae: skeleton of silicone or spongin fibers, or both.What does the term sessile mean? Immobile.List the three types of sponges (based on their body shapes). Asconoid: flagellated spongocoel.Syconoid: canals folded in layers and are lined with flagella. Leuconoid: chambers lined with flagella, most efficient in moving water and extracting nutrients.What are the structures involved in the flow of water through a sponge? Ositum where H2O enters, Incurrent Canal where H2O flows through, Spongocoel where H2O continues to flow through, and the Osculum where H2O exits.Why is water flow very important to sponges? It brings in food and oxygen and allows waste toflow out of the sponge. Is this flow of water uni-directional or bi-directional? Uni-directional.Lecture 7 (February 24)How many tissue layers do Phylum Cnidarians have and what are they? Diploblastic- two true tissue layers. The epidermis and the gastrodermis.How do Jellyfish move? 'Jellyfish' movement occurs when water in the gastrovascular cavity is expelled during muscular contraction of the bell.How do coral and sea anemones move? They don’t, they are sedentary as adults.What do Phylum Cnidarians use for feeding? Cnidocytes, which are special cells along tentaclesthat contain nematocysts.What are three most common types of nematocysts and how are they performed? Stinging nematocysts: releases venom into prey by stinging them. Recoil nematocysts: forms a loop that contracts upon contact and snares part of prey. Adhesion nematocysts: secret an adhesive substance for grabbing prey.How do Phylum Cnidarians reproduce? Asexually and sexually.What sort of symmetry do Cnidarians have? Radial symmetry.Name the level of organization found in Cnidarians. Tissue level of organization.What type of skeleton do Cnidarians have? Most have Hydrostatic skeletons, but some have chiton or calcium carbonate as skeletons.What are the two body types found in Cnidarians? Pelagic/Medusa- downward-facing mouth (open water) and Benthic/Polyp- upward-facing mouth (bottom dwelling)List the three Classes of Cnidarians and examples of each. Class Hydrozoa (ex: Portuguese Man O War), Class Scyphozoa (ex: Jellyfish) and Class Anthozoa (ex: Corals and Sea Anemones).Lecture 8 (February 26)What does Platyhelminth mean? Flat worm.What kind of symbiotic relationship do some flatworms have with other animals? Parasitism relationship.What type of symmetry do flatworms have? Bilateral symmetry- dorsoventrally flat.What level of organization are flatworms at? Organ system.How many tissue layers do flatworms have? Three tissue layers- Triploblastic.What are the three different tissue layers? Endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm. What type of body cavity do flatworms have? Acoelomate- no true body cavity.What kind of nervous system do flatworms have? A branched nervous system.Are flatworms monoecious or dioecious? Monoecious.What are the different classes of Phylum Platyhelminthes? Class Turbellaria- ciliated epidermis, no segments (ex: Planaria), Class Trematoda- have suckers and hooks, leaf-like in shape (ex: Chlonorchis), Class Cestoda- scolex with suckers and/or hooks, ribbon-like body (ex: Beef and pork Tapeworms).Which classes or endoparasitic? Trematoda are endoparasitic flukes and Cestoda are endoparasitic tapeworms.Which classes are ectoparasitic? Monogenea are ectoparasitic flukes.Which classes are free-living? Turbellaria are free-living flatworms.What is included in the digestive and feeding system of flatworms? Pharynx, mouth, and intestines.What is the process of digestion in flatworms? Digestion via enzymes in the intestine; extracellular or via specialized cells for phagocytosis; intracellular.Lecture 9 (March 5)What are the two phylum of roundworms? Phylum Rotifera and Phylum Nematoda.What kind of reproduction do Phylum Rotifera have? Parthenogenesis reproduction.What are the two kinds of eggs the Phylum Rotifera produce? A diploid egg and a haploid egg.What kind of symbiotic relationship do some roundworms have with other animals? Parasitism relationship.What are Phylum Nematoda organs primarily used for? Feeding and reproduction.What type of symmetry do roundworms have? Bilateral symmetry- vermiform.What level of organization are roundworms at? Organ level.How many tissue layers do roundworms have? Three- triploblastic.What is the name of the structure that covers the ectoderm in roundworms? Complex cuticle.How are the muscles arranged in roundworms? Longitudinally.What type of body cavity do roundworms have? Psuedocoelomate- False body cavity. What is including in the nervous system of roundworms? Ring of nerve tissue and ganglia by pharynx and they poses dorsal and ventral nerve cords.Are roundworms monoecious or dioecious? Dioecious.What are some examples of some nematodes? Hook worms, pinworms, heartworms, and roundworms.What does the term ‘mollusc’ mean? Soft body.What type of body symmetry do molluscs have? Bilateral.What level of organization are molluscs at? Organ


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UW-Milwaukee BIOSCI 100 - Exam 2 Study Guide

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