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CSU ANTH 120 - Primate Origins and Evolutions

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ANTH 120 1st Edition Lecture 14 Outline of Last Lecture 1. The Geological Framework for Evolution: Dating Methods and FossilsOutline of Current Lecture 2. Primate Origins and EvolutionsCurrent LecturePrimate Origins and Evolution- Earliest Primates 65 MA - Where are the oldest and first primates?- What do they look like?- Where are they found?Living primates all share ancestors in the pastEnd of Mesozoic: 65 mya, mass extinction of dinosaurs, adaptive radiation of small mammalsCenozoic Era: the age of mammals1. Paleocene  65 – 56 million years agoa. First primate like mammalsb. Plesiadpiforms (proto-primates): i. When: Paleocene ~ 60 million years agoii. Where: Western North America, Europeiii. Traits:1. No postorbital bar2. Sideways facing eyes3. Lacked opposability4. Claws5. Small Brain6. Specialized rodent-like teethiv. Very closely related to ancestral primatesv. SIGNIFICANCE: Proto-primatesc. Carpolestes: An Interesting Pleseiadapiformi. Wyoming  60 mya; tropical forestii. Primate: grasping feet; nail on big toeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2. Eocene: 55-34 mya First True Primatesa. Traits:i. Grasping hands and feetii. Nails on their digitsiii. Larger rounder braincasesiv. Generalized teethv. Forward facing eyesvi. Post-orbital barb. Locationsi. Western Europe, North America, Africa and Asiac. Adapidsi. Diurnalii. Sexual Dimorphiciii. Tooth combiv. Post orbital barv. Ancestral to Lemursd. Omomyidsi. Large eyes  Nocturnalii. Short Snoutiii. Post Orbital Plateiv. Ancestral to Tarsierv. Ancestral to all Haplorhines3. Oligocene  34-23 mya  Age of Monkeysa. Early Anthropoids Evolve and Thriveb. Major cooling eventc. Fayum, Egypt  Tropical environment (29-37 mya)i. Parapithecids1. 2.1.3.3. (same as Plat)2. Africa (Fyum, Egypt)3. Small monkey body size4. Probably leaper / arboreal leaper5. SIGNIFICANCE: Oldest, most primitive higher primate fossil6. Stem anthropoid ii. Propliopithecids1. Ancestral Catarrhine2. 2.1.2.33. Broad and wide incisors  frugivore4. C/P3 Honing Complex  bite down sharpens canines5. Low rounded molars  omnivore6. Large sexual dimorph.7. Arboreal quadruped: shorter front limbs and longer hind limbs8. IMI: 75-859. Grasping hands and long digits10. SIGNIFICANCE: Early Catarrhine d. The Earliest Platyrrhinesi. Only Oligocene species, Branisella from Bolivia (26 mya)1. Small, 2.1.3.3Origin of the New World Higher Primates1. Platyrrhines evolved from North America anthropoidsa. But: NNO North American anthropoids2. Independent Evolution of lineages in Eocene3. Platyrrhines migrated to the Americas from Africa via Antarctica4. Platyrrhines rafted from AfricaEOCENE: 56-34 mya (First true primates: Adapids and Omomyids)OGLIOCENE: 34-23 (Propliothecids)MIOCENE: 23-5.35. Miocene: 23-5.3 mya  First Apesa. Proconsulidae (Proconsulids) (23-17 mya)i. Mixture of apelike and more primitive monkey like features in the skeletonii. Y-5 Molar Patterniii. Honing Caninesiv. No tailv. Arboreal QuadrupedAdaptive Radiation of Hominoids  Middle Miocene (23-8 mya)- Dryopithecidso Expansion out of Africa in Middle Miocene Europe Body like Modern Ape- More suspensory- Long arms and large hands Face like modern apesApes in Asia: Sivapithecids- Pakistan, India- Orangutan-like in skull, Proconsulid-like in body- Gigantopithecuso 0.5-8 million years agoo A VERY LARGE APEo 1,000 pounds


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CSU ANTH 120 - Primate Origins and Evolutions

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