PSYCH 240 1ST Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture: Semantic Memory and CategorizationI. Semantic Memory CategorizationII. What defines a mental category?III. Theories of Similarity JudgmentsOutline of Current Lecture: Semantic NetworksI. Teachable Language Comprehender (TLC),II. Revision of TLCCurrent Lecture: Lecture 12: Semantic Networks (March 9, 2015)I. Teachable Language Comprehender (TLC) – Collins and Quilliani. Hierarchal network1. Each concept has either a parent or a childa. A canary IS A type of birdb. A bird IS A type of animal2. Economic: everything below it inherits that featureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. A robin has wings b/c it’s parent, the bird, has wingsii. Sentence Verification1. Given a sentence and we have to verify whether it’s true or false as fast as we cana. A canary is a bird. TRUEb. A salmon is blue. FALSE – it says a salmon is pinkiii. Distance Effects1. The more links there are, the more time it takes to answer correctlya. The features closest take the least amount of time to verifyb. Problemsi. Reverse distance effect1. A dog is an animal2. A dog is a mammala. Respond faster to 1 than 2 but in the hierarchy, the connection of mammal comes before animalii. Typicality1. A robins is a bird. 2. A chicken is a bird.a. It takes us longer to respond to 2 even though they are at the same level on the hierarchyiii. Basic-level effects: the most basic category that is most familiar to us is the wordwe associate the quickest. 1. When asked to (1) name features or (2) say what features objects have in common a. Easy with basic level (chairs), hard with other levels (furniture)2. People will name an object by the basic level terma. Computer rather than technical device3. Children learn basic-level words before more specific subcategories or more general categoriesII. Revision of TLC (Collins and Loftus): spreading activationa. Not hierarchal – links vary in length (strength)i. Long links = weaker associationii. Short links = stronger associationiii. Links can be labelled 1. A bat IS A mammal. A bat IS NOT A bird. b. Spreading activationi. A node is activated when a person sees, reads, hears, thinks about a conceptii. Activation spreads to adjacent nodesiii. Spread of activation permits sentence verification 1. When activation intersects - decide whether relationships make statement truec. Problems Addressedi. Reverse distance and typicality1. Relationship between dog and animal is very short a. Association btwn dog and mammal is longer than btwn dog and animal2. Relationship between lion and animal is longii. Priming1. Repetition priming: hear stimulus often – recognize it faster2. Semantic priming: exposure to a stimulus similar to the current one causes us to make a decision fastera. Faster for doctor – nurse pair than nurse – butter pairing when asked whether they are both real wordsb. Doctor primes for hospital, stethoscope, prescriptions, and nurse. It takes less time to activate our brains to recognize nurseas a real