Biol 118 1st Edition Lecture 15Outline of Last Lecture I. IntroductionII. Gene ExpressionIII. What Do Genes Do?IV. The One-Gene, One-Enzyme HypothesisV. The Central Dogma of Molecular BiologyVI. RNA- The Intermediary Between Genes and ProteinsVII. The Central DogmaVIII. The Roles of Transcription and TranslationIX. Exceptions to the Central DogmaX. The Genetic CodeXI. How Long Is A Word in the Genetic Code?XII. What is a Codon?XIII. Cracking the Genetic CodeXIV. Important Properties of the CodeXV. Using the CodeXVI. What is the Molecular Basis of Mutation?XVII. Mutations Have Varying Effects on OrganismsXVIII. Chromosome MutationsOutline of Current Lecture I. Introduction: How Cells Build ProteinII. Overview of TranscriptionIII. What Role Does Sigma Play in InitiationIV. Bacterial PromotersCurrent LectureIntroduction: How cells build protein- A cell builds the proteins it readso From instructions encoded in genomeOverview of Transcription- The first step in converting genetic information into proteins is transcriptiono Synthesis of mRNA version of the instructions stored in DNA- RNA polymerase performs the synthesis by transcribing only one strand of DNAThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Called the template strand- The other DNA strand is called the non-template or coding strand o Matches the sequence of mRNAo Except RNA has Uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)What Role Does Sigma Play in Initiation?- Sigma and RNA Polymerase together to form a holoenzymeo An enzyme made up of a core enzymeo And other required proteins- Prokaryotic RNA polymerase is a holoenzymeo Made up of the core enzyme and a sigma subunito Has the ability to synthesize RNA- Sigma acts as a regulatory factoro Guiding RNA polymerase to specific promoter sequences on the DNA strandBacterial Promoters- Bacterial promoters o Are comprised of 40-50 base pairso Have two key regions = -10 box & -35 box- -10 boxo Is found 10 bases upstream from the transcription start site (+1 site)o Consists of sequence TATAAT- -35 boxo Is 35 base pairs upsteam from +1
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