NURT 3336 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Lecture 4Renal Disease Study Guide This guide includes short answer, fill in the blank, and true/false questions. Good luck!ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY● The kidneys are two retroperitoneal organs. This means that they lie (behind/above) the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity.● The _______ is the functional unit of the kidney.● The ___________ is a part of the nephron that filters large proteins and red blood cells.● The efferent arteriole carries blood ( away from / to ) the glomerulus.● As blood passes through the kidneys , an ______________ is formed. This is the initial filtration of metabolic byproducts from the filtered blood with the tubule.● _______________ is a glycoprotein, stimulates erythropoiesis (the production of red blood cells in bones).● Three main functions of the kidney are: excretory, _____________, and ______________.● Without the excretory function, we would only be able to survive ___ - ___ weeks.● Abnormal _________ and high ______ __________ levels can adversely affect the filtering function of the kidneys. NEPHROTIC SYNDROME (NS)● _________________ is protein loss in the urine. ○ What is the protein level indicator of this condition? ______________● _________________ is albumin deficiency in the blood.○ What is the albumin level indicator of this condition? ______________● True or False: Nephrotic syndrome is more prevalent in females.● Name the three diseases that lead to Nephrotic Syndrome:○ ___________________________________________○ ___________________________________________○ ___________________________________________● NS syndrome be treated with ______ pills which function by (increasing/decreasing) fluid output.● List the 6 diseases involved in the development of nephrotic syndrome:○ ___________________________________________○ ___________________________________________○ ___________________________________________○ ___________________________________________○ ___________________________________________○ ___________________________________________NEPHROLITHIASIS● Another name for nephrolithiasis is ____________.● Two main symptoms of kidney stones are ________ and __________. ● To prevent kidney stones, how much water should you consume a day?● 1 out of ___________ of people in United states are diagnosed with kidney stones.CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ● The two major causes of CKD are:○ ____________________○ ____________________● What is the major cause of death for all people with CKD?○ ____________________● Three of the symptoms of CKD are: ○ ____________________○ ____________________○ ____________________● In stage 1 of GFR, treatment is observation and _______________________________.● A GFR rate between 60 to 89 indicates stage _____.● At stage ____ in GFR, there is moderately reduced kidney function.● Treatment in stage 4 of GFR includes planning for ____________ ______________ renalfailure. ● True or False: Stage 5 of GFR is not severe or end stage renal failure. ACUTE RENAL FAILURE● Acute renal failure is characterized by _______ _______, and a reduction in _______ _______ _______. There is also an accumulation of ___________ ___________.● Six symptoms of ARF are:○ _________________________○ _________________________○ _________________________○ _________________________○ _________________________○ _________________________● Some causes of ARF are severe ___________ and _____________ used in imaging tests.● Normal renal function usually returns in ______days to ________weeks.● While recovering from ARF, you should avoid products with added