Psych 205 1st Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture I. Antioxidant and redox regulation of gene transcription Outline of Current Lecture A. Social AnxietyII. EmotionsIII. Optimism and Pessimism IV. Type A, hostility, and healthCurrent LectureIn todays lecture we finished talking about the trait approach and Type A personality andhow it relates to hostility and health. We also talked about social anxiety and emotions and also optimism and pessimism.Attributions: determines how people feel about their performance and how they are likely to perform in similar situations in the futureThree Dimensions:-Stability: stable vs. unstable-Locus- Internal vs. external-Control- can control vs. cannot controlAchievement Goals-Provide targets that people aspire to in achievement situations-Two categories: -Mastery (focus on developing competence) work hard in order to learn material and develop sense of proficiency-Performance-demonstrating accomplishments- work hard to enhanceEffects of Mastery and Performance GoalsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Mastery: students choose more challenging tasks are more interested in their classes, people retain information and skills learned longer, people share information and work with others to achieve common goals, generally leads to higher achievementPerformance: D2LPersonality and Health-in the 70s physicians noticed tha tin addition to known cardiovascular risk factors smoking, highblood pressure, obesity, their patients with heart disease showed different personalitymore active energetic and driven“coronary-prone behavior pattern”Now known as Type A-Type B continuum Type A as a personality variable-3 components of type a traithigher competitive achievement strivingsense of urgencyrespond to frustrating situations with anger and hostilityType A vs. Type BMotivation for control-type a shows desire to excersise effective control over the people and situations they encounter-dominate group discussion and less likely to give up control on a taskachievementtype a outperform type bset higher goals like competition and more honors,activities,awardstype and healthkey seems to be hositilitystrong reactions to small events, quick tempered, more likely to find itneractions frustratingmore than twice as likely to experience CHD, three times as likely to be hospitalized or diewhy? Unhealthy lifestyle, poor social supper, immune system weakness and exhibit psychiological reactions associated with cardiovascular problemsHostility and healthWhat can be done about hostility?Reducing anger responses can help, teaching relaxation and changing thoughts about a situationWhat about Type A?Not necessarily bad for healthBy not allowing minor setbacks and frustrations to lead to upset, it is possible to be productive and healthySocial Anxiety-Anxiety related to social interactions; used interchangeably with shyness and not the same as introversionLeads to: increased physiological arousal, inability to concentrate, and feelings of nervousnessPeople with social anxiety recognize source of their anxious symptomsCharacteristics of sically anxious peoplePeople with social anxiety: feel awkward and nervous when interacting with others,are concerned about toherspreceptions of them, feel ashamed and embarrassed in social situations, assume others aren’t interested in getting to know themPeople interacting with them: find them more tense,inhibited **D2LEvaluation apprehension: thought to be underlying cause,fear negative evaluation, sitatuiosn that lend them to evaluation by others are particularly anxiety-provokingHow do they cope with this?Avoiding social encounters if possible,reducing interactions less eye contact keep conversations shortExplaining social anxietyCultural differenceIntiation of interactions seems to be hardest partOk once they get started and better when interacting with friendsMay be lack of self-confidence about ability to make good impressionTherapy programs often focus on thisEmotionsHow consistent are our moods?Three aspects of emotion that we see as fairly stableAffectivity-extent to which people experience positive and negative emotionsIntensity- strength of the emotions people experienceExpressiveness- way people express their emotionsEmotional affectivityTwo demensions: high:active and content low: sad and larthargicNegative: high:nervousness,anger,distress low: calm and sereneRelationship between these 2 dimensions is complexEmotional affectivityPositive affect High positive affect leads to better healthBehavior consistenly associated with high positive affect is social activitySocial activity might cause positive affect or positive affect might lead to social anxietyPositive and negative affect:D2L**’Affect