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UW-Milwaukee BIOSCI 150 - Exam 2 Study Guide

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BIO SCI 150 1st Edition Exam # 2 Study Guide- The Griffith experiment that used mice and two strains of bacteria (smooth and rough) to show transformation demonstrated: o heat which kills virulent bacteria does not destroy DNA - Which (if any) of the following statements regarding DNA experiments is not correct:o phage (virus) DNA contains sulfur - The most common structure for DNA is the double helix, in this structure: o nucleotides are joined by covalent bonds involving phosphate forming a single strand and 2 strands are bound by H bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases - Given the following sequence: 3'- GCATGT -5', which will base pair best with it? o 5'-CGTACA-3' - About how many nucleotide pairs does the human genome contain? o 3.4 billion - How do the following compare in molecular weight: o ribose (RNA) vs deoxyribose (DNA and purine vs pyrimidine ribose is heavier;purine is heavier - DNA is duplicated by a process that is described as semi-conservative, this means: o The old helix is separated, each newly created helix has one old strand and one new strand - The process of duplicating the chromosomal DNA is called: o replication - True or False: DNA is composed of two strands in opposite 5’-3’ orientation. During chromosome duplication one strand is made in a continuous process the other strand is made as a series of discontinuous fragments. o True - The enzymes primarily responsible for creating the new DNA are: o DNA polymerases - Assume that mammalian cells are grown in culture in the presence of nucleotides forseveral generations so that all of the DNA in all the chromosomes is radioactive. When these cells are examined, all of the chromosomes in the nucleus are radioactive. If one of these cells is placed in regular media for one generation, what will the chromosomes of the two daughter cells look like? o all the chromosomes in both daughters will be radioactive - True or False: For a gene that codes for a protein three nucleotides of DNA serve as a template for three nucleotides in the mRNA and these will specify one amino acid in the protein. o True - Compare the molecular weights of a protein and the mRNA that codes for it. o the mRNA is greater - The process of producing an RNA molecule from a DNA template is called:o transcription - True or False: The promoter region in prokaryotes like E.coli is a region of DNA where the RNA polymerase binds to start transcription. o True - True or False: changing the nucleotides sequence of the promoter region may prevent the gene from being transcribed. o True - True or False: In eukaryotic cells the RNA polymerase recognizes the specific DNA sequence of the promoter and binds to the DNA o False - Which (if any) of the following steps does not occur in the processing of most eukaryotic messenger mRNAs? o All three steps occur  removal of introns by splicing  addition of poly A tail to 3 end of mRNA  capping 5' end of mRNA with 7 methyl G cap - True or False: During Translation the nucleotide sequence in the messenger (mRNA) determines the order of the amino acids in the protein. The transfer tRNA brings the amino acids to the ribosome. o True- True or False: In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells the transfer RNA (tRNA) is covalently bound to an amino acid and forms H bonds with nucleotides in the messenger RNA (mRNA) during translation. o True - If the A, G and U are mixed and polymerized at random to form an mRNA, how manydifferent codons could that mRNA specify? o 27 - Which of the following does not occur at the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase: o all occur  activates the amino acid with an ATP  recognizes the correct tRNA  recognizes the correct amino acid  joins the amino acid to the tRNA - Shown below is a portion of a wild type protein, and a mutant protein. What type of mutation is most likely to have produced the mutant protein?  wild type ...Phe, Arg, Lys, Leu, Ala, Trp.....  mutant ...Phe, Arg, Lys, Ile, Gly, Pro..... o frame-shift (caused by insertion or deletion) - How is the prokaryotic lac operon that codes for the enzymes that transport and digest lactose (lac) regulated? o when lactose is present it binds to the repressor protein and the repressor protein can not bind to the DNA and transcription can occur - True or False: In eukaryotic cells steroid hormones enter the cell but large protein hormones like insulin bind to receptors at the cell surface.o True - Which (if any) of the following is not used by eukaryotic cells to regulate gene expression? o all may be used  altering or modifying the DNA  the activation of specific transcription factors  alternate processing of mRNA  different lifespans for mRNAs and proteins - The attachment of a molecule of ubiquitine: o serves as a signal for the destruction of the protein it is attached to - A restriction endonuclease: o cuts DNA at a defined sequence - Which statement is true regarding a cloning vector? o all are true  it contains an origin of replication  it could be derived form a phage or plasmid  allows for the selection of recombinant vectors that contain inserts  can enter and multiply within a living cell - During electrophoresis DNA fragments are separated from each other: o according to size with the smallest moving fastest - The main function of the polymerase chain reaction PCR is to: o amplify a fragment of DNA - The finding that was most surprising in the completed sequence of the human genome was: o The number of genes coding for protein was smaller than expected - When methane is burned, methane, oxygen, water and heat energy are involved in the reaction, which one is reduced during the reaction? o oxygen - If the reactants in a reaction contain more free energy than the products do, then the reaction is exergonic (exothermic). o True - The enzyme responsible for fixing carbon in the Calvin cycle is: o RUBISCO - Most plants are green because: o green light is reflected - During the light phase of photosynthesis electron flow is best described by: o Water_Photosystem II _Photosystem I_NADPH - In some plants the C4 or CAM systems have evolved to avoid: o shortage of CO2 - During the light phase of photosynthesis the flow of electrons along the electron transport chain is used to: o move protons across a membrane - During what stage of the cell cycle does the duplication of chromosomes occur? o S- For a growing human cell the cell cycle takes about: o 1 day - The stage of


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