FSHN 150 1st Edition Lecture 19Outline of Last LectureI. ChylomicronsII. Very Low Density LPIII. Low Density LD(LDL)IV. High Density LP (HDL)V. HypercholesterolemiaVI. Lipid MetabolismVII. MedicationsVIII. Hormonal Control of TGOutline of Current LectureI. Heart tidbitsII. DiseaseIII. CVDIV. Big 4 risksV. Blood cholesterolVI. Omega 3 sourcesCurrent LectureI. Heart “Tidbits”A. 12 ounces; size of fistB. 60000 miles of vesselsi. every extra pound of fat adds 200 miles of capilarriesC. 4000 gallons of blood pumped/ dayD. 80000 beats/day >2 billion in lifetimeII. Leading causes of DeathA. heart disease, cancer, stroke, COPD, accidents, Pneumonia, diabetes, AIDS, suicide, homicideIII. Disease TerminologyA. CVD- general term used for all diseases of heart and blood vesselsB. Atherosclerosis- most common CVD hardening of arteries due to build up of plaqueC. Coronary Heart Disease- atherosclerosis of the heart arteriesIV. Development of CVDA. begins in childhood or early adolescence B. often begins at site of injury (diabetes, hypertension, smoking, high cholesterol levels)C. Fatty streaks 1st stage (oxidized LDL cholesterol -> white blood cellsD. Opening gets smaller as fibrous plaque growsE. Calcium collects in the plaqueF. Constriction of vessel or clot may block flow, tissues down stream dieG. The form of LDL that contributes to atherosclerosis is oxidized LDL nutrients and phytochemicals that have antioxidant properties may reduce LDL oxidationH. Fruit and veggies are particularly rich in these compoundV. Big “4” (non genetic) Risks A. SmokingB. High Blood Pressure (hypertension)C. High blood cholesterol- blood lipidsD. Physically inactivityVI. Risk Factors for CVD A. Heredity, diabetes, age, gender, smoking, high blood LDL, low blood HDL, hypertension, lifestyle- obesity and physical inactivityVII. Population Studies of CVDA. Cross country studies eg 7 countries studyi. countries with high sat fat intakes had high CVDB. International migrations(changes in disease patterns in 2nd and 3rd generations)C. Within country studies (vegetarians< risk than omnivores)D. Results of above led to studies to determine dietary factors that affected heart diseaseVIII. Blood Cholesterol FractionA. lipid panel- total cholesterol, total triglycerides, HDL cholesterol(hard to increase), VLDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterolB. Can affect HDL by- exercise(increases), estrogen(increases so women protected), weight loss increases, smoking and obesity lowersIX. Why can Eskimos have a high fat diet but a low risk of CVD?A. Eskimos do have more risk of strokeB. Type of fat(Omega 3) leads to different vascular reactants to injuryC. What happens when you cut yourself- blood clots and vessels constrictD. Omega 3=less clotting and constrictingX. Omega 3 SourcesA. canola oil, walnuts, flax seed oil, sea vegetablesB. cold water fish, eg- tuna(albacore or Bluefin), mackerel and Bluefish, salmon sturgeon, lake trout and whitefishC. Farm raised fish may have