Psy 3410 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 8P3410: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY -- OUTLINE EXAM 2Lecture 1: HAPPINESS (February 12)1. What is happiness? What are the two components of happiness? How is happiness measured? What are some of the important outcomes associated with happiness? In general, are most Americans happy?2. What is the relation between relationships and life satisfaction? 3. What is the relation between faith and happiness? What are the relations between religion, and delinquency, divorce, drug and alcohol abuse, physical and mental health, and suicide?4. What is the relation between work and life satisfaction? According to Csikszentmihalyi (1990),what sort of work is most satisfying? What is the relation between work challenge, ability and skill, and work satisfaction?5. What is most current view of the relation between wealth and happiness?6. What sorts of goals are associated with higher levels of life satisfaction? How do individuals with strong relationship or affiliation goals compare with individuals with strong status, power, and achievement goals in terms of happiness?7. What does Campbell (1975) mean when he suggests that humans are on a “hedonic treadmill”? What is the hedonic treadmill? What are the two factors discussed in class that contribute to the stability of happiness over the long run? What is immune neglect (Text 49)? How does immune neglect affect our predictions of the impact of negative life events?How does immune neglect contribute to poor everyday decision making?Lecture 2: ATTITUDES (February 17)1. What is an attitude? What is the accessibility of an attitude? What is an ambivalent attitude? Why do people have attitudes? That is, what are the important functions of attitudes?2. Why are social psychologists interested in attitudes? Why is it important to understand attitudes and attitude change?3. Describe the two conditioning processes through which attitudes may be formed or changed.4. What is attitude polarization? What is the effect of merely thinking about a liked or disliked attitude object? Why is it sometimes important to “step back” from the situation in making a decision?5. Evaluations are not always based on knowledge of the good or bad qualities of objects. What are some other bases for evaluation other than knowledge of the good or bad qualities of objects?Lecture 3: THE BEHAVIOR-ATTITUDE RELATION (February 19)11. What is dissonance? Under what conditions does attitude-discrepant behavior lead to dissonance? Understand the three commonplace situations in which dissonance is induced (induced compliance, high suffering or effort, and a difficult decision). Attitude change is only one possible way to reduce dissonance. What are some other ways through which dissonance isreduced?2. According to your textbook, how does saying influence believing (Text 128)? How does role playing affect attitudes (Text 127)?Lecture 4: PERSUASION (February 24)1. What are the important communicator variables mentioned in your textbook (231-234) that affect persuasion? 2. Who tends to be influenced more by rational appeals as opposed to emotional appeals? What is a fear arousing message? When does a fear arousing message work best (Text 239)? When are one sided messages more effective than two sided messages (Text 240-241)? What is a primacy effect? What is a recency effect? How does the order in which information is presented affect persuasion (Text 242). What is the "inoculation effect" or "attitude inoculation"(Text 258)? What is an “inoculation program” (Text 259)?3. According to the textbook (247), what is the “order of persuasiveness” of different media channels (face to face, videotaped, audiotaped, and written)? What sort of persuasion messages are best communicated in writing?3. In general, when do communications lead to attitude change? What is forewarning (Text 249) and why does it diminish the likelihood of persuasion? Explain how distraction disarms counterarguing” (Text 250).4. According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, persuasion may occur through a central route or a peripheral route. Distinguish these two routes to persuasion. Identify "peripheral cues" thataffect the likelihood of persuasion. What factors increase the likelihood of a central vs. peripheral route to persuasion? Understand how the Elaboration Likelihood Model predicts the conditions under which important variables such as argument strength and source expertise affect persuasion.Lecture 5: CONFORMITY & OBEDIENCE (February 26)1. Define conformity. What is anti-conformity? What is the irony of many instances of anti-conformity?2. Why do people conform? Distinguish normative from informational influence. What are the characteristics of the group that affect the likelihood that a group member will conform? What are the effects of unanimity vs. dissent on conformity (Text 209)?3. According to your text (215), to what extent does personality predict conformity? When is personality predictive of behavior?4. How does the perception and misperception of norms affect conformity?5. What is the need for uniqueness and how does it affect the likelihood of conformity? What is reactance and how does it affect the likelihood of conformity?26. Why does merely suggesting a hypothesis or idea to persons often influence their beliefs and behavior? Why is suggestion often a more effective influence strategy than directly telling a person what to do or believe?9. What factors were shown to affect the likelihood of obedience in studies using the Milgram paradigm? How does the depersonalization of a potential victim affect the likelihood of aggressive obedience?9. What sorts of people obeyed the experimenter and administered high levels of shock in the Milgram experiment and similar studies? How did most people predict they would behave if they were subjects in the Milgram experiment? How did most members of the public explain the destructive obedience observed in the studies? What judgmental error is this? According to your instructor, what did the Milgram experiments tell us about human behavior?Lecture 6: SELF-PRESENTATION (March 3)1. What is self-presentation? What are the two most fundamental effects of self-presentation behavior? What is a carryover effect? 2. What is the self-presentational goal of ingratiation? What is the main difficulty confronting aningratiator? Identify some specific ingratiation tactics. What facilitates ingratiation?3. What is the