HIST 1312 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Lectures: 14 - 23Lecture 14 (February 21)McKinley’s Presidency and the Election of 1900What is extraterritoriality? How did it apply to China?Extraterritoriality are rules that apply in one country, apply in another. Britain wanted to trade with the Chinese, however the Chinese would only accept silver and they would not buy anything back from Britain, so it was a one way trade. China, at this time did not want outward influence, so they burned their ships, and only a few ports were open.What did Britain sell to China?Britain did not want to trade all their silver to the Chinese so they started selling Opium which isa very addictive drug and makes people not want to work.What caused the Opium Wars? Who won?The first Opium War takes place in the 1840’s. The British win because of their superior ships, and the Opium trade continues. So the Chinese send a diplomatic letter to Queen Victoria of England asking her to stop her merchants from shipping Opium to them. The Queen doesn’t respond so the emperor of China confiscates the Opium and burns it. Britain doesn’t like this so a second Opium War is started. The British win again and this time in their treaty they declare that they get Hong Kong which became a major trading port, and they also got the right of extraterritoriality. How did the Boxer Rebellion start? What did they do?The Boxer Rebellion started with people in China who were against foreigners taking over and were tired of people using China. These people attacked foreigners and anyone who was a threat to the Chinese way. A multinational expeditionary force was sent to China to protect the foreigners.How did the Open Door notes help China?Before the Boxer Rebellion, Secretary of State John Hayes sent an Open Door note in 1898 stating that America wanted open trade with China. China did not want any part of any trade with anybody so they formed the Boxer Rebellion. After this Hayes sent a second open door note stating that America will have free and open trade with China with no extraterritoriality. We preserved the Chinese way of life by making this deal with European powers.What happened in the Election of 1900?In the election of 1900, McKinley was up for re-election, but they wanted him to have a different vice president. This was a very progressive era where the wealthy wanted to enact changes in the government for the progress of humanity, which is what Teddy Roosevelt is doing. Big Businesses don’t like this change so as an insult they elect Teddy Roosevelt as V.P. He accepts and gets sworn in in 1901.What happened at the World’s Exposition?At the World’s Exposition President McKinley went to make a special speech and he gets shot byan anarchist. He dies and “That Damn Cowboy” Teddy Roosevelt, who was they very person Big Businesses did not want in office becomes President.Lecture 15 (February 24) President Roosevelt and the PanamaWhat does “Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick”?Roosevelt’s Foreign Affairs Philosophy was to “speak softly and carry a big stick”. Speak softly meant to speak diplomatically and expect negotiation. Carry a big stick referred to having a big military so their enemies want to talk and negotiate and not want to antagonize us.What was the German-Venezuelan Crisis?Venezuela was an oil rich country and Germany was the country where most of the money was coming from. Venezuela completely stopped making payments to German bankers. The bankerstried to negotiate with the Venezuelan government but they wouldn’t pay anything so the bankers turned to the German government. So the German government sends down warships to Venezuela.What did Roosevelt’s Corollary say?Roosevelt sends a message to German government and creates a corollary saying European powers have to stay out. If they have a problem with someone in the western hemisphere they had to go to the U.S. So Germany turns their battleships around and the U.S. sends in marines to take over custom houses so they could eventually pay Germany off over a 5 year period. U.S was the #1 country buying Venezuela’s oil.What was the Russo-Japanese war? How did President Roosevelt resolve it?In the Russo-Japanese War, Russia and Japan were in a war over control of natural resources, specifically Manchuria. They also were fighting over fishing rights in certain islands. Rooseveltoffered to be a mediator and end this war. He asked for representatives to come to New Hampshire and they come to terms. Because of this he’s the first U.S. president to ever win the Nobel Peace Prize.Why were Germany and France arguing over North Africa? What did Roosevelt decide?Germany and France were arguing over who gets North Africa where the oil is very rich. France has deeper ties with North Africa, but Germany wants the resources. Representatives from Germany and France meet Roosevelt in Spain. Roosevelt wants to give North Africa to France because he knows France will trade with us and if he gave it to Germany they would keep it for themselves. Germany is upset about this and it shows in World War 1.Why was the Panama Canal difficult to build?The Panama Canal is the #1 foreign policy issue at this time. Panama is a district of Colombia when France decides they want to build a canal there. They make a deal with Colombia saying they only have so many years to build it, but Panama is a different landscape. It’s tropical so when it rains there’s mud slides and workers are dying from yellow fever. They also did not realize that the sea level was higher on the Pacific Ocean side and lower on the Gulf of Mexico side. This could flood all of Panama if they opened the canal and France did not have the technology to stop it. France is getting close to the end of their contract and they turn to Roosevelt for help.What was the Hay Pauncefote Treaty?In the 1850’s we signed a treaty with Britain that said if we built a canal it would be joint with Britain so we would pay the same prices as the other. Roosevelt asks Britain if they want to help us build this canal and Britain says no, so Roosevelt negotiates and the British agree to let us build the canal in Panama as long as they got the same toll rates as us when they had to use the canal. This was the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty.What was the Hay-Herran treaty?The Hay-Herran Treaty was between the U.S and Colombia stating that we’d give them $10 million as a down payment, covering France’s dues, and