PSYX 385 1st Edition Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture I. Building the CaseII. TemperamentIII. Eysenck’s Arousal/ Activation TheoryIV. Gray’s Reinforcement Sensitivity TheoryV. Buss’ Evolutionary ApproachOutline of Current Lecture I. Instrumental ConditioningII. Basic DefinitionsIII. ExamplesCurrent LectureInstrumental Conditioning*Thorndike (1932) proposed the two dimensional Law of effect: 1.)A behavior followed by a satisfying event will be strengthened or "stamped in" 2.)A behavior followed by an annoying event will be weakened "stamped out"* Skinner (1938) proposed a similar structure 1.)Introduced Consequence based learning - Coined the formal definition for Reinforcement & Punishment - Based on a Functional perspectiveBasic Definitions1.) Reinforcement- An increase in target behavior responding due to a contingent relationship between the target behavior and a consequence2.) Punishment- An decrease in target behavior responding due to a contingent relationship between the target behavior and a consequence Positive NegativeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Reinforcement -A Stimulus added -A Stimulus removed - Contingent on TB - Contingent on TB - Resulting in an increase in the TB RatePunishment - A stimulus added Contingent on TB -Resulting in decrease in the TB RatePositive Reinforcement Examples* Mickey puts his dollar in the soda machine and gets a Coke* Sam studies and earns an "A"*Erin cleans her room and then her parents let her go swimming* Nathan tells a good joke and his friends all laugh*Robert goes to work every day and gets a paycheckNegative Reinforcement Examples* I put on sunscreen to AVOID a sunburn* John presses the snooze button to ESCAPE the alarm* Angela buckles her seatvelt to ESCAPE the aar* Ann wears a coat to AVOID getting cold* Sue wears a bike helment too AVOID a head injury* The rat runs away to ESCAPE a shock* The squirrel runs up a tree to Escape a predator* You take an aspirin to ESCAPE or ELIMINATE a headache*Mother picks up a crying infant to ESCAPE or AVOID the cryingPositive Punishment Examples* You stick your hand in a flame, you get a painful burn* You fall asleep under the sun, you get a sunburn* A child misbehaves and gets a spanking* The rat presses a lever and gets a shock* Hester commits adultery and now must wear a scarlet A and be scorned by people* you climb on a railing of a balcony and fall* You drive the wrong way down a road and have and accidentNegative Punishment Examples* Bobby fights with his sister and does not get to watch T.V. that night* Julie stays out past her curfew and now does not get to use the car for a week* You come to work late regularly and you don't get a raise* You smoke in school and you get hall privileges taken