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UT Arlington BIOL 2457 - Appendicular System- Phalanges

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BIOL 2457 1st Edition Lecture 16Outline of Last Lecture The skeletal system: appendicular Outline of Current LectureSKELETAL SYSTEM: appendicular Appendicular  The primary functions is movement It includes bones of the upper and lower limbs Girdles attach the limbs to the axial skeletonSkeleton of upper limb  Each upper limb has 32 bones Two separate regionsThe pectoral (shoulder) girdle (2 bones)ClavicleScapulaThe free part (30 bones)HumerusRadius and ulnaCarpalsMetacarpalsPhalangesUpper Limb  The pectoral girdle consists of two bones, the scapula and the clavicle The free part has 30 bones 1 humerus (arm) 1 ulna (forearm) 1 radius (forearm) 8 carpals (wrist) 19 metacarpal and phalanges (hand)Pectoral Girdle – clavicle  The clavicle is “S” shaped The medial end articulates with the manubrium of the sternum forming the sternoclavicular joint The lateral end articulates with the acromion forming the acromioclavicular joint The clavicle is convex in shape anteriorly near the sternal junction The clavicle is concave anteriorly on its lateral edge near the acromionPectoral Girdle – Scapula Also called the shoulder blade Triangular in shape Most notable features Spine - a large process on the posterior of the scapula that ends laterally as the acromion Acromion - the flattened lateral portion of the spine of the scapulaCoracoid process - a protruding projection on the anterior surface justinferior to the lateral aspect of the clavicleGlenoid cavity - shallow concavity that articulates with the head of thehumerusSkeleton of an arm- humerus Longest and largest bone of the free part of the upper limb The proximal ball-shaped end articulates with the glenoid cavity of thescapula The distal end articulates at the elbow with the radius and ulnaSkeleton of the forearm – ulna  The longer of the two forearm bones Located medial to the radius Olecranon - the large, prominent proximal end, the “tip of the elbow” Coronoid process - the anterior “lip” of the proximal ulna Trochlear notch - the deep fossa that receives the trochlea of the humerus during elbow flexion Styloid process - the thin cylindrical projection on the posterior side of the ulna’s headSkeleton of forearm- radius  Lies lateral to the ulna (thumb side of the forearm) The head (disc-shaped) and neck are at the proximal end The head articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna Radial tuberosity - medial and inferior to neck, attachment site for biceps brachii muscle Styloid process - large distal projection on lateral side of radiusSkeleton of hand  The carpus (wrist) consists of 8 small bones (carpals) Two rows of carpal bones Proximal row - scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform Distal row - trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate Scaphoid - most commonly fractured Carpal tunnel - space between carpal bones and flexor retinaculumMetacarpals and Phalanges Five metacarpals - numbered I-V, lateral to medial 14 phalanges - two in the thumb (pollex) and three in each of the other fingers Each phalanx has a base, shaft, and head Joints - carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal,


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UT Arlington BIOL 2457 - Appendicular System- Phalanges

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