EPSY 2130 1st Edition Lecture 15Outline of Last Lecture I. MotivationII. Intrinsic vs. ExtrinsicIII. 5 General Approaches to MotivationIV. Self-Determination TheoryOutline of Current Lecture V. Goal OrientationsVI. Expectancy x Value VII. Attribution TheoryVIII. Arousal/AnxietyCurrent LectureGoal Orientations: patterns of beliefs about goals related to achievements Goal- -what individual is striving to accomplish-direct attention to the task at hand-energized effort-increase persistence-promote development of new knowledge and strategies-Mastery Approach- mastering a task, understanding, learning-Performance Approach- external indicators of success, others opinions matter-Work Avoidance Goal- concerned with doing bare minimum -Social Goals- high relational value, low cost for not trying-Performance (Failure) Avoidant- trying not to look stupid, high self-image-Learned Helplessness (Failure Accepting)- high cost of failure, low self-image (learning that effort doesn’t get you anywhere)Expectancy x Value:Expectancy—time and resources, self-efficacy, view of ability, locus of control, supportValue—instrumental value, intrinsic interest, self-image, risk, prior need status, relational valueExpectancy * Value = achievement motivation achievement behaviorsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Note: if one is zero, the whole thing is zero (If there is zero value, then there will not be any motivation)View of Ability: -Entity= ability is fixed (performance goals)-Incremental= ability can change, more willing to work harder Attribution Theory: desciptions of how individuals’ explanations, justifications, and excuses influence their motivation and behavior3 dimensions:-locus-stability-controllability-greatest motivational problems arise when student attributes failures to stable, uncontrollable causesArousal/Anxiety:-optimum levels of arousal-high for simple tasks-low for difficult tasks-anxiety and achievement are inversely related-anxiety increases when:-pressure to perform-severe consequences for failure-competitive comparisons among
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