IE270 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 17Lecture 1 (January 21)—Orientation, syllabusLecture 2 (January 23)-- II. “Six Billion and Beyond”- Shows rapid population growth around the world- Questions if there will be enough food and resources to provide for the increasing population- Lack of family planning and education is a large part of why population growth is out of controlFamily Planning- Places like Africa and India are dealing with rapid population growth because there isn’t sufficient education on family planning.- Family planning is something that women in 3rd world countries really desire. - Majority of the women do not want to have several kids, because they have seen the negatives to those choices. China’s 1 child policy- China’s government introduced the policy in 1979 - Since the implementation of the 1 child policy the standard of living has drastically improved.- Parents are able to provide enough food and necessities for their one child versus providing for 5-6Critical Generation- Young women ages 14-24 are considered the critical generation- Their choices will be critical in determining population growth for the next generation- The critical generation, are the target audience for education about contraception- Critical in seeking a balancing act of how many people the world can sustain and the well-being of the population Lecture 3 (January 26) -- Global Food Security-Population, Income, Access- Individual Food Security—The ability as an individual to regularly afford an adequate diet- Global Food Security—The ability of the global population to regularly maintain an adequate dietThomas Malthus-- Stated that food is necessary for existence of man- Passion of sexes is necessary for existence of man- And fertility rate will remain nearly in its present state3 parts to the problem of Global Food Security1. Demand For Food- Population Increase-Malthus assumed a steady geometric increase in population if unchecked. He identified certain “Checks” on population.- Institution of marriage, fear of not providing well for family.- Film “6 Billion and Beyond” identified more checks (Birth Control, working with youth, educating).- Income Increase: As income gets wealthier, diet changes- Higher income means richer diet including meats and processed foods2. Supply of Food—Resources- Amount of arable land on earth is fixed- Fresh water is limited- Malthus assumed yields of productivity would remain constant- Agricultural productivity has not remained constant3. Distribution of or Access to Food- Even with sufficient supply, if that supply does not reach those who need it, demand remains unmet and hunger persists- The vast majority of us obtain our food through markets—for many however the market price exceeds their ability to pay- Most hunger today is the result of failures in this third area; an inability to access an otherwise existing food supply A Sustainable Food Supply1. Provide sufficient quantity of safe and healthy food2. Maintain the capacity to do so for future generationsSustainability—“sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”Lecture 4 (January 28) -- The two big trends we have observed in the last 50 years:1. On the Demand side: Fertility does not increase, but rather decreases, when restraints oflimited food supply are removed. Why?- Choices, especially of women, to pursue an education and career- Decisions of families to focus on QUALITY of nurture of fewer children, rather than quantity of children2. On the Supply side: Enormous increases in creation and use of KNOWLEDGE have led to significant advances in agricultural PRODUCITIVITYA virtuous cycle: Knowledge yields productivity; productivity yields knowledge. Productivity Gains in agriculture:- Using the same amount of resources and less labor- Getting higher food output- Process of releasing labor from food production- IN 1800’s 75-80% of the population worked in agricultureGlobal Accomplishments- Cereal production and yields nearly doubled- Done on same amount of land- Cereal prices fell by nearly half- Rate of population growth is falling- Average income rose- Less scarcity meant greater relative abundancy of foodThe Global Players- The World Bank—founded in 1944, Headquarters are in Washington D.C.- U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)—Division of the U.S. State department, $2.2 billion budget- The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR)—founded in 1971, Global partnership for funding & conducting research- The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)—founded in 1943, headquarters located in Rome, UN focused on Food Security- Land Grant Universities like CSU—Founded in 1860’s & 70’s, helped to spark “The Green Revolution” in the 1960’sFood Security is Still a Silent Holocaust—(Reading Falcon & Naylor, 2005)- As many as 35 ongoing international and civil wars kill 1 million people annually - Death from hunger kills 5 to 8 million people annually- Food deaths outnumber war deaths 5 to 1Lecture 5 (January 30)--The Purpose of Response Papers- To demonstrate accountability for carefully and closely reading the assigned articles- To read critically—looking for gaps, inconsistencies, obstacles, and other weaknesses in the arguments in which we are responding- To respond thoughtfully—supporting claim, dialoguing with the articles Choose 1 of the assigned readings including academic peer reviewed articles and/or official reports.1. Summarize—report main ideas or themes2. Critique—state a claim or ask a question that focuses your critical response3. Support—Provide reasoning and evidence to show why you made that claimSummary- No more than ¼pg, apx. 3-4 sentences- Introduce and reference the physical article and author- Capture the overall purpose and argumentCritique- No more than ¼pg, apx. 3-4 sentences- Your “however” statement- Critical engagement - Referencing directly to texts arguments- State a relevant claim or question- Pinpoint areas in the text in which your critiquing by: ignoring a perspective, inviting a counter argument, Should the author of done something different?, is the text inadequate in some way?Support- NO more than½ pg.- Refer to specific places in the textLecture 6 (February 2)-- Getting to the root of food security•Food