HIST 1312 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Your exam will be drawn from the essay questions on this review guide. Your exam will consist of one long essay and two short essays.Long Essay Questions:1. In the aftermath of the Civil War, U.S. political leaders had to determine how to re-incorporate former Confederate states into the Union, as well as defining African Americans’ civil rights as freed people. President Andrew Johnson plans for unification differed greatly from Congress’ expectations for reconstruction. Discuss both President Johnson’s Reconstruction plans and Congressional Reconstruction. Were these two plans fundamentally different, or did they share some commonalities? Explain.2. During the second half of the nineteenth century, the Trans-Mississippi West became increasingly important as the building of the railroad opened up the West in new ways. Discuss the role the U.S. government played in facilitating the settlement and economic exploitation of the West. How were Native Americans affected by these changes? How did the U.S. government’s policies toward Native Americans change in the latter part of the nineteenth century?3. The nation experienced a series of intense labor conflicts during the latter half of the nineteenth century as workers sought to counter the increasing power of business owners and the rapid changes occurring in industrial workplaces, fundamentally changing the nature of work. Discuss the rise of labor unions during this period. What were workers seeking to change? What do the labor conflicts of the late nineteenth century tell us about the complex relationship between labor, management, and government in determining winners and losers in battles over the industrial workplace? What is the significance of Leon Czolgosz’s actions in the context of this era’s labor conflict? 4. The Progressive Era witnessed the emergence of women as a potent social and political force. Describe the role women played in Progressive Era politics and reforms. How were they able to be such a public presence in U.S. society? The book Murdering McKinley discusses two important women in some length: Emma Goldman and Jane Addams. How would you describe each woman’s political philosophies? How do these women’s politics and actions characterize some of the most significant elements of the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era?5. By intervening in independence movements in the Caribbean and the Philippines and going to war against Spain, the United States embarked on a course of imperialism at the end of the nineteenth century. What arguments and rationales did interventionists use to promote U.S. imperialism? Conversely, what arguments did anti-imperialists levy to warn against acquiring These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.colonies in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines? In your view, which self-image of the U.S. has prevailed: the U.S. as an imperialist, or anti-imperialist nation? Explain.Short Essay Questions:1. Explain the functions and objectives of the Freedmen’s Bureau. Based on those parameters, would you judge the Freedmen’s Bureau a failure or success? Why?2. Explain Plessy v. Ferguson and its significance.3. What are some of the most important elements of Andrew Carnegie’s “Gospel of Wealth”? How does this essay help explain the way that he saw his relationship to other sectors of society, especially the poor?4. Explain the ways in which the Czolgosz family represented the typical immigrant experience at the turn of the twentieth century. In your view, what then explains the extraordinary act that Leon Czolgosz undertook in assassinating President McKinley?5. Explain the most important elements of the National Origins Act of 1924 (Immigration Act of 1924) and its significance. What did it reflect about views of immigrants in U.S. society?Study Guide Long Essay questions1. Emancipations and Reconstructions (Chapter 14 EAH)a. Prelude to Reconstruction- African- Americans embrace Emancipation- Reuniting Families Torn Apart by Slavery- Free to learnb. National Reconstructions - Abraham Lincoln Plans for Reconstruction - Andrew Johnson and Presidential Reconstruction - Johnson and Congressional Resistance- Congressional Reconstruction - The Struggle for Universal Suffrage2. Frontier Encounters (Chapter 15 EAH)a. Opening the West- The Great Plains- Federal Policy and Foreign Investment b. Conquest of the Frontier- Indian Civilizations- Changing Federal Policy toward Indians- Indian Defeat- Reforming Indian Policy- Indian Assimilation and Resistance3. Workers and Farmers in the Industrial Age of Organization (Chapter 17 EAH) a. Working People Organize - The Industrialization of Labor- Clashes between Workers and Owners b. Farmers Organize- Farmers Unite- Populists Rise Up c. The Depression of the 1890s- Depression Politics- Political Realignment in the Election of 1896- The Decline of the Populistsd. Read “ Murdering McKinley” Chapters 1 & 24. Progressivism and the Search for Order (Chapter 19 EAH)a. The Roots of Progressivism- Progressive Origins- Muckrakersb. Humanitarian Reform- Female Progressives and the Poor- Fighting for Women’s Suffrage- Progressivism and African Americansc. Morality and Social Control- Prohibition- The Crusade against Vice - Immigration Restrictiond. Read “Murdering McKinley” Chapters 6 & 75. Empires and Wars (Chapter 20 EAH)a. The Awakening of Imperialism- The Economics of Expansion- Cultural Justification for Imperialism- Gender and Empire b. The War with Spain- Cuba Libre- The War of 1898- A Not-So- Free Cuba- The Philippine WarShort Essay Questions1. Preludes to Reconstruction (Chapter 15 EAH)- African- Americans embrace Emancipation- Reuniting Families Torn Apart by Slavery- Free to learn-2. American Industry in the Age of Organization (Chapter 16 EAH) Society and Culture in the Gilded Age- Black America and Jim Crow3. American Industry in the Age of Organization (Chapter 16 EAH) Free Markets and Rugged Individuals- The Doctrine of Success4. Read “ Murdering McKinley” Chapters 1 & 25. An Anxious Affluence (Chapter 21 EAH) Culture WarsNativists vs.