BIOL K101 1st Edition Lecture 21Outline of Last Lecture Asexual ReproductionExact copyBinary FissionMitosisSexual ReproductionSomatic CellsDiploid (2N)KaryotypeHomologous ChromosomesAutosomesSex ChromosomesGametesHaploid (N)Sexual Life CycleFertilizationMeiosisVarietyProcess of MeiosisOne duplication two divisionsStages of MeiosisInterphaseReplicationProphase ISynapsisMetaphase IAlignment of homologous pairsAnaphase ISeparation of homologous pairsTelophase I and CytokinesisFormation of haploid cellsProphase IIThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Metaphase IIAlignment of chromosomes (duplicated)Anaphase IISeparation of sister chromatidsTelophase II and CytokinesisHaploid cells (unduplicated)Production of Genetic VariationIndependent AssortmentMetaphase ICrossing overProphase IRandom FertilizationOutline of Current Lecture Gregor Mendel and Mendel’s LawsSegregationIndependent AssortmentDefinitionsGeneLocusAlleleGenotypeHomozygousHeterozygousPhenotypeDominantRecessiveOne Trait Cross (Monohybrid Cross)Two Trait Cross (Dihybrid Cross)Genetic DisordersAutosomal Recessive DisordersAlbinismTay-SachsCystic FibrosisPhenylketonuria (PKU)Sickle Cell DiseaseCurrent LectureGregor mendel figured out two laws of genetics way before his time. Discovered mendelian genetics which is a simple pattern of genetics. Gene- functional unit of heredity. 25-26,000 genes in a human. Give instructions to cells. Phenotype- observable characteristics of an organism.Genotype- genetic identity of an individual.Gregor Mendel observed plants. He took a set of peas who did true breeding (always produced) and swapped pollen to and from different flowers. All flowers had purple flowers because the purple flower is dominant over the white flower. In the grandparent generation, there was a 3:1 ratio of purple flowers to white flowers. An allele is a version of a gene. A dominant allele just means you see it when you look at the organism. A recessive allele is the allele that you do not see. Your genotype and your phenotype are not always the same because you have dominant and recessive alleles. You could explain everything you saw as long as the individual had two alleles. If you are a carrier for cystic fibrosis, half of your eggs/ sperm gets your genes- the law of segregation. Aka the homologues separate during
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