Exam # 2 Study GuideBIOL 107 1st EditionWhat is a biome?- Plants and animals adapted to live in an environment- Relatively large area- Determined by climate and geography - Land biomes are large geographical areas- Water boundaries less well definedEx: Ocean, coral reef, tundra, savanna, rainforest, etc. Animals in Environment:- Natural Selection- Evolution- Extinction- DNA Genotype - Phenotype- Dominate- Recessive - Homozygous- Heterozygous- Allele- Mutation- Hybridization Formation of a new species: - Allopatric - SympatricClassification:1.) Kingdom2.) Phylum 3.) Class4.) Order5.) Family6.) Genus7.) Species (Each level is a taxon)Life in the Ocean:- Lacks boundaries- Divided into regions Variables Affecting Ocean Life:- Light gradient- Oxygen amount- Energy fixation 1.) Photosynthesis2.) Chemosynthesis- Temperature - Pressure gradient Ocean Facts:- Deepest Point: 11,000 M- Deepest Fish: 8,372 M- Deepest Colony: 7,300 M- Oldest Organism: Tube Worms- Oldest Land Organism: Bristlecone Pine- Deadliest Organism: Box Jellyfish - Largest Carnivore: Great White Shark- Largest Fish: Whale Shark- Fastest Fish: Sail Fish (Tuna?)Problems with No Light:- Bioluminescence- ~ 80% of marine organisms emit light- Large eyes required Coral Reefs: - The rainforest of the sea- Diverse ecosystems- ¼ of all ocean species found here- Dead reefs:1.) Limestone2.) Cement components3.) Marble Reef Facts: - Slow growth- Most near equator- Food source- ~4,000 species of fish - Life Cycles- World food source- Nonfood benefits1.) Coral skeletons2.) Global warming Reef Relationships: - Mutualism - Commensalism- Parasitism - Camouflage- Mimicry- Cryptic Coloration Rocky Shores- Rocky Land- Tidal Zone (high, mid, low)Estuaries- Productive Ecosystems- Molting- Wetlands -