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OU PSY 2403 - Allport and Skinner's Theories

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, PSY 2403 1st Edition Lecture 11Outline of Last LectureI. Allport’s Approach to PersonalityII. Personality DefinedIII. Structure of PersonalityIV. PropriumV. Stages of Propriate FunctioningOutline of Current Lecture I. MotivationII. Functional AutonomyIII. The Psychologically Healthy PersonalityIV. Study of the IndividualV. CritiqueVI. Concept of HumanityVII. Classical Conditioning vs. Operant ConditioningVIII. Scientific BehaviorismIX. Precursors of Skinner’s BehaviorismX. Pavlov and Classical ConditioningCurrent LectureI. Motivationa. Reactive and Proactive Theories of Motivationb. Push and Pull Theories of Motivationc. Unconscious and Conscious Motivationd. Unhealthy vs HealthyII. Functional Autonomy – behavior at one point is different from behavior at another pointa. Perseverative - reason changes, out of habitb. Propriate – done to improve selfc. Principles of organizing energy level, mastery and competence, and propriate patterningd. Conscience – must and oughti. Must – child. Most of the stuff you do is because you have toii. Ought – adult (healthy adult)e. ReligionThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. Extrinsic – unhealthy1. Favors – Santa2. Tribal – mine better than yoursii. Intrinsic – healthy1. Value underlying all reality – identification – unity2. Promotes toleranceIII. The Psychologically Healthy Personalitya. Six criteria for maturity:i. Extension of the sense of selfii. Warm relating to othersiii. Emotional security or self-acceptanceiv. Realistic perception v. Insight and humorvi. Unifying philosophy of lifeIV. The Study of the Individuala. Morphogenic Science – personal letters, diaries, journalsi. Study of patterns related to the individual caseb. Letters from JennyV. Critiquea. High on Parsimonyb. Moderate on Generating Research and Guiding Actionc. Low on Falsifiability and Organizing KnowledgeVI. Concept of Humanitya. Free Choice over Determinismb. Optimism over Pessimismc. Teleology over Causalityd. Conscious over Unconsciouse. Culture over Biologyf. Uniqueness over SimilarityVII. Classical conditioning vs. Operant conditioninga. Classical conditioning (Pavlov) = S-conditioning, S  stimulusi. Stimulus elicits response (S  R)ii. Behavior determined by stimulusb. Operant conditioning (Skinner) i. No stimulus, just a response. Behavior determined by what comes after the response.ii. If you are punished, it decreases the likelihood of the responseiii. If you are reinforced, it increases the likelihood of the responseVIII. Scientific Behaviorisma. Philosophy of Sciencei. Scientific behaviorism allows for interpretation of behavior, not an explanation of its causesb. Characteristics of Sciencei. Cumulativeii. Attitude that values empirical observationiii. Science is a search for order and lawful relationshipsIX. Precursors of Skinner’s Behaviorisma. E.L. Thorndikei. Law of Effect – responses to a situation which are followed by a rewarding stateof affairs will be strengthened and become habitual responses to that situationb. John B. Watsoni. Behavior can be studies objectivelyii. Consciousness and introspection must play no role in the scientific study of behavioriii. Goal of psychology is the prediction and control of behaviorX. Pavlov & Classical Conditioninga. Stimulus – S Conditioningb. Unconditioned Stimulus (US or UCS)i. Elicits automatic responseii. Ex: Food or air puffiii. Unconditioned Response (UR or UCR)1. Automatic reflexive


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