ANTY 101D 1st Edition Lecture 15AustralopithicusArdipithecus Ramidus- a”Ardi” 4.4 million years ago• 350 cc brain• 4 feet tell• pelvis/foot —> habitual biped in woodland • fingers and hands still adapted for climbingAustralopithicus - Adapted to savanna and woodland- General Characteristics:• Various species 4.2- 1.5 million years ago- More gracile (slender) than reobust — paranthropus • All over Africa— South, central, east• Bipedal adaptation • Ape- size brains= 300-450 cc- Port-orbital constriction • Prognathic: lower face juts forward• Brow ridges; large jaws; sagittal crest/keel• Large molars and thick enamel- Canines large but much smaller than apes Lucy (Australopithicus Afarensis) These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Found by Don Johansen • East Africa 3.9-2.9 mya - 300 individuals; 1 year later found in Chad • Lucy 40% complete, 3.3 million years old - Skeletal Traits:• Sexually dimorphic ( like apes)• Arms and legs same length • Curved fingers and long toes• Canines smaller but projecting • Brow ridges and no forehead• prognathicism • Arched feet and divergent toe Australopithicus Africanus - Gracile australopithecine - South Africa 2-3 mya - “Taung Child” 1924 • Raymond Dart- Prognathic, but rounder cranium - Wide molars; short incisors and small canines • no diastema (not meat eaters) - Range of habitats • Cave sites - Possible ancestors to Homo - “First of Our Kind” Kate WongAustralopithicus Sediba 1.8-1.9 mya - Mr. Potato head of evolution • Ape and homo characteristics - Ancestor of homo habilis or erectus?- Side branch?- South Africa (found in 2008-2009)- Small Brains (420cc)- Ancestral limb proportions • Taller but long arms- Gracile teeth and jaw• evidence that they ate bark- Hands and thumbs (longer thumbs and shorter fingers) • Tool maker?- Pelvis bowl/basket shaped - Heel like apes but ankle like homo Paranthropus Boisei- 2.5-1.4 mya East and South Africa - Mosaic evolution - pronathism; huge jaw and thick enamel - small brains; chewing machines
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