PSY 240 1st Edition Lecture 10Current LecturePart I: Language Developmentlanguage: sponek, written, or sined words & the way we combine them to communicate.generativity: we don’t The Structure of Languagephonemes: the smallest distinctive sound unit rat: r-a-t (3 phonemes)- 20-80 phonemes in any given language (English 40)- consonant phonemes carry more information than vowel phonemes-morphemes: the smallest language unit that carries meaning-phonemes can be morphemes (“I” “a” “s”)grammar: system of rules (syntax & semantics) that enables us to communicatesyntax: the rules combining words in grammatically sensible sentences.-kicked the girl ball the red vs. the girl kicked the red ballsemantics: set of rules for deriving meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences-ex. –ed= past, -s=plural -independent of syntax (Colorless green ideas sleep furiously)pragmatics: the way that language conveys meaning indirectly-pragmatics key to understanding metaphor-language mostly centered in left hemisphereThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- metaphor, ability to understand jokes in right hemisphere. Brownell: told jokes to patients with damage to the right hemisphere instructed to select appropriate punch lineTwo Needs for Human LanguageNeed #1: human brain- other animals communicate but is it language? o Ex. Honeybee dances, verbet monkeysChimpanzees’ use of gestures, body languageAlso critical to human languageGardner : trained chimp names WHASHOE to use sign languageChauvin: train woodpeckers to drum in certain patterns to receive certain types of food-parrot names Alex learned vocabulary of about 70 wordslanguage production: the ability to speak, use language to communicate infocontrolled by Broca’s area (left frontal lobe)language comprehension:aphasia: disruption of language caused by brain damageBroca’s aphasia: problems producing language following damage to Broca’s area. Wernicke’s aphasia: problems with comprehending language following damage to Wernecke’s area- difficulty understanding others, “empty