PSY 100 1st Edition Lecture 8Outline of Current Lecture I. Sensation and Perception Module 15II. The Senses- The “Data” for PerceptionIII. VisionCurrent LectureI. Sensation and PerceptionA. Sensation- objective reality. Raw data, information hitting our receptors. Detection.B. Perception- our interpretation of objective reality. Interpretation of raw data. Perception occurs within brain. Interpretation. The mind interprets what our senses detect. C. BOTTOM UP PROCESSING- Taking in all the sensory dataD. TOP DOWN PROCESSING- The way we organize that sensory information, expectations can influence that what we see. Sensation data doesn’t change. -Very PowerfulE. Sensation Always leads to perception??- Absolute Threshold- Smallest strength of a stimulus that can be detected 50% of the time. Absolute Threshold for seeing the light of a candle 30 miles away in the dark.-Phantom phone vibration- no sensation with perception, expectations lead to phantom perception, perceive something that is not really there.-Difference Threshold- Smallest difference that can be detected 50% of the time. -Subliminal Threshold- Movie theater flashing “Eat more” during movie that would lead theater goer to go get more popcorn, hitting sensory receptors, don’t perceive. SUBLIMINAL- Just below absolute threshold, with the prime response of directing behavior, can “prime” response slightly in a temporary way. Movie theater subliminal messages to eat do not work because the behavior is very complicated.-Subliminal Messages in Music- Expectations, Top down processing when listening to music.F. Pareidolia- Perceive familiar patterns in disorder, listening to music backwards to find satanic messages, Brain is constantly trying to find patterns in random stuff.-Doe Sensation always lead to perception? NOThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.G. Sensory Adaptation- “We perceive the world not exactly as it is, but as it is useful for us to perceive it.” If something is not changing, we stop perceiving it. EX. A strong odor, high volume.-How could Sensory Adaptation help us survive? – Habituation, need to be on alert for changes in our environment. Allows us to focus on what we need for survival. -Perceptual Set- Expectations, context, and emotion influence perceptions. -Influence of Context- Do not bring a date to a movie with super hot celebrities, II. The Senses- The “Data” for Perception- Senses almost always working togetherA. Hearing and Vision working together-the MGERK Effect- The illusion occurs when what you are seeing clashes with what you are hearing.B. Visual System is so strong that it takes over auditory receptors. VISION is most important sense we have, most brain space devoted to vision. C. SYNESTHESIA- Stimulation of one sense produces a perception of a totally different sense. Stimulation of auditory sense, and sees colors. Plays piano, hears colors.II. Vision- Uses light energy as sensory input. A. Transduction- process of taking light bouncing off object to become a neural image.B. SENSORY---1. LIGHT-- CORNEA 2. PUPIL-- LENS (Pupil is surrounded by iris, colored part, everyone has unique iris)3. LENSE FOCUSES--- RETINA (Retina is eyeballs inner surface) (RETINA HAS LIGHT PERCEIVED UPSIDE DOWN) Flipped, then visual cortex flips back to normal.Chemical processes that transform data hitting RETINA to occipital lobe, Optic nerve to brain’s visual cortex.4. Information from retina converges at the optic nerve, which is one really long axon that extends from retina to visual cortex. C. RETINA- CONES and RODS- Cones- color, detail, center of retinaRods- Black and white, sensitive to dim light, periphery.C. Visual Information Processing- Optic Nerve goes to thalamus, which acts as relay station for visual data then thalamus sends to visual cortex. Blindness can Occur-Optic nerve cannot work properly, can be blind in brain problems in visual