CHM 104 1st Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I Heterogeneous Equilibrium Calculations II Le Chateliers Principle Outline of Current Lecture III Acids and Bases IV Arrhenius Definition V Br nsted Lowry Definition Current Lecture Acids Taste sour citric acid vinegar Can dissolve metals Neutralized by bases Hydrochloric acid H Cl Very common acid in chemical labs Purchased at of 12 M Heavily used in industry Main component of stomach acid Gastric Acid 0 1 M Hydrofluoric acid H F Used in semiconductor computer chip manufacturing Much more dangerous in some respects than HCl Absorbed through skin dissolves bone and forms CaF2 chunks Dissolves glass These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Nitric acid HNO3 Fertilizers explosives Sulfuric acid H2SO4 Car battery acid Acetic acid HC2H3O2 Vinegar dilute Carboxylic acid group Citric acid H3C6H5O3 Lemons dilute Simple Green concentrated Malic acid H2C4H4O5 Apples Bases Tastes bitter components of dark chocolate coffee feels slippery and reacts with skin oil to create soap like chemicals Sodium Hydroxide NaOH Most common base in labs Comes as a solid Main component of drain cleaner Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 Baking soda source of CO2 Common ant acid Reacts with stomach acid Sodium carbonate Na2CO3 Washing soda general cleaner Helps soap detergents work together Ammonia NH3 Common lab base Fertilizers Cleaner Amine for example methyl amine CH3NH2 Building block for pharmaceuticals Arrhenius Definition Acid substance that produces H ions in aqueous solutions Base substance that produces OH ions in aqueous solution HCl is an acid HCl aq H aq Cl aq H is a very reactive species H aq H2O l NaOH is a base H3O aq NaOH aq Na aq OH aq Acids and Bases react to form H2O H OH H2O Br nsted Lowry Definition Acid substance that DONATES H Base substance that ACCEPTS H Acetic Acid Donates H to H2O HC2H3O2 aq H2O l H3O aq C2H3O2 aq NH3 Accepts H so it is a base NH3 aq H2O l NH 4 aq OH aq Notice in these examples that H2O can either accept H act as base OR donate H act as acid Amphoteric Reactions always show an Acid and a Base NH3 aq H2O l NH 4 aq OH aq base acid conjugates NH3 and NH4 are a conjugate pair related by H H2O and OH are the other conjugate pair NH4 aq H2O l NH3 aq H3O aq Acid base conjugates
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