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URI AVS 101 - Reproduction & Artificial Insemination

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AVS 101 1st Edition Lecture 12Reproduction & Artificial InseminationTestosterone Secondary sex characteristics, libidoFSH SpermatogenesisLH Maintenance of interstitial cells – produce testosterone Sex differentiationDuring early gestation fetus possesses bothSex differentiation Male - wolffian ducts Female – mullerian tract Develops depending on predominant hormoneSex Differentiation Free Martin Female born twin to male95% of females are infertileOccurs in cows M & F placenta fuse & exchange fluids & hormonesBirth ratio Animal kingdom 50:50 male/femaleSlightly more males are conceivedSlightly more females are bornWhat’s new in reproduction?Estrus synchronization All animals in heat at same time Offspring born at same time Can occur naturally Series of hormone injectionsPGF2αOva transplants Egg from one animal transplanted to another animalSurrogate motherPlacental compatibility Transfers placentas within species Increase endangered speciesEmbryo splitting Produce twinsStem Cell Research Regenerate damaged cellsArtificial Insemination (AI) Began in 1500s 50% of US dairy All turkeys Not extensively used with other animalsSemen collection Artificial vagina ElectroejaculatorElectric probe rod in rectumNot as good quality semenUnhappy bullSemen dilution Egg yolk/glycerol Buffer for pH Antibiotics for foreign organism Frozen in liquid nitrogen at -196° C/ -320° FCan remain frozen for yearsAdvantages Many offspring Decrease disease Safer for handlersDisadvantages Decrease male population Limits gene pool More labor – check for estrus Quickly disseminate undesirable traits


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URI AVS 101 - Reproduction & Artificial Insemination

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