GEO 101 1st Edition Lecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture 1 Major Labels 2 Royalties 3 Radio Numbers 4 Brief History 5 Rise of networks 6 Regulation 7 Golden Age of Radio 8 Reacting to TV 3 Keys 9 Dayparts 10 Concentration and Fragmentation 11 Early Movie Technology 12 The Movie West Outline of Current Lecture 1 The Star System 2 The Golden Age 3 Global Dimensions 4 Production 5 The People in the Credits 6 Distribution 7 Domestic Theatrical 8 Exhibition Current Lecture Chapter 8 Movies Persistence and vision Early movie technology Motion picture petents company trust The move west These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute The Star System TEST Audiences demand popular actors studios put actors under contract Theatres demand actors studios see power Put actors under contract and promo Block booking force independent threatres to show movies with no stars to get movies with establishesd starsTEST Blind booking Force independent theatres to reserve movies without previewing them hit independents TEST United Artists 1919 distribute films Charlie Chaplin mary Pickford Douglas Fairbanks Rudolph Valentino Global Influence of Film Art German Expressionism Dark style pessimistic Psycho 1960 Soviet Social Realism Focus on masses violence Bonnie and Clyde 1968 Saving Private Ryan 1998 French Surrealism Reject social standards of taste and acceptability brutal images Matriz 1999 Italian neorealism End of WWII Social problems Training Day 2001 Kill Bill 2003 French New Wave Autur Director s distinctive style The Golden Age 1930 1950 1946 90 million a week 75 of the population today 20 million 7 5 TEST Weekly ritual double feature newsreels cartoons door prize Sound 1927 enough theaters with equipment Newsreels film clips on current events with sound Jazz Singer Al Jolson establish technology and popularity of sound 354 spoken words mostly silent film Color 1939 Perfected in Gone With The Wind and The Wizard of Oz both in 1939 Special Effects King Kong 1933 and The Invisible Man 1933 Movie going is part of American Culture o Little Caesar 1930 Edward G Robinson organized crime in prohibition o Dracula 1931 Bela Lugosi Frankenstein 1931 Boris Karloff Horror o Duck Soup 1933 Marx Brothers Comedy Africa American Films TEST Separate film industry Harlem NY City TEST Oscar Micheaux produced directed and distributed 46 movies Paul Robeson moved to Europe Sidney Poitier First black mainstream star Guess Who s Coming to Dinner 1967 Courts force end of star system 1948 Paramount Decision monopoly ended ban blind and block booking studios can t own theatres change in 1980 under Reagan TV COMING Reacting to TV By early 60s 90 US homes had TV Movie react o Drive ins o Sound systems o Wide screens cinemascope o Spectaculars o 3 D Smell o Vision o Topics not on TV Sex violence social issues 1953 TV switch from live to film Studios became more involved in production 1955 Hollywood release own movies to TV Today studios produce majority of TV movies Adapting to New Technology 1980s Movies fear VCRs MPAA fight home sale of VCRs 1983 Sony BetaMax case supreme court rules home VCR recording for private use is not copyright violation Digital Technology 1990s Studios use computers for digital editing and special effects Disney s Toy Story 1995 first movie produced entirely by computers Digital projection and distribution film copies 1 500 each plus shipping Studios save few billion a year with digital transmission 2009 90 digitally released 3 D 2011 3 000 theatres in US had at lease 1 3 D Digital makes pirating easier Online distribution download for as little as 99 cents Global Dimensions TEST Today US film industry collects 80 of world s film revenues though it produces about 15 of the world s films TEST Can flop in US and still make big money India produces about 800 films a year most in the world Brazil China and Japan and many others have thriving film industries TEST Movie Industry Average cost of producing and marketing US film is now more than 96 million Many cost much more than the average Ex Titanic 1997 200 million Major studios typically release about 15 20 films a year Estimate of US industry average rate of return 3 Production TEST Preproduction planning phase including script developments casting budgeting scheduling set and costume design location scouting set construction and special effects design Production is the actual shooting phase very hectic and expensive Postproduction final phase including film and sound editing soundtrack scoring special effects integration and technical improvements such as color correction The Production Company The Major Studios The Big Six Paramount Sony Warner Bros Disney 20 th century fox universal Now more in the financing and distribution businesses than in the production business do for independent producers no star system Independent Films Not made by one of the major studios lower budget and more creative freedom growing market at theaters and on TV Top Hollywood Studios Table The Production Team Graph The People in the Credits TEST Executive Producer Finds financing and puts the package together Line Producer Production managers Lead the day to day work of making the film Directors create vision pre production and post production Director s Cut Version director delivers studio Second Unit Director Movie directors in charge of shooting the scenes that do not require the stars Writer Turns idea into a script team committee rework book short stories Actors Tend to rely on big name many others Editors Selects shots sequence sets pace and rhythm Ex Apocalypse Now 230 hours down to 2 hours and 35 minutes Cinematographer director of photography charge of cameras and works with director for set up shots Art Director Designs the physical look of the film Continuity Supervisor Also called Scrip Supervisor Makes sure each day s shots match up Key Grip Set up and move cameras Gaffer Lighting director Best boy Gaffer s assistant Distribution TEST Marketing Window opportunity to sell rent or license a product to a different type of customer 4 types of Marketing Windows o Domestic Theatrical o International o Home Media o Television Domestic Theatrical TEST Release of movies to US theatres Distributors and Theatres negotiate o Release schedules o Length of run o Amount of lobbying advertising o Division of box office receipts 70 studio 30 theatre can negotiate ex