ZOOL 3214 1st Edition Lecture 17Muscular System IIII. Head and Neck MusclesA. Scalp1. Frontalis Muscle• Origin: galeaaponeurotica• Insertion: subcutaneous tissue of eyebrow & orbicularis oculi muscle• Action: elevates eyebrows, wrinkles forehead2. Occipitalis Muscle• Origin: occipital bone: superior nuchal line & temporal bone (SQ section0• Insertion: Galeaaponeurotica• Action: retracts scalp, synergist w/ frontalis muscleB. Eyelids: ex. Of sphincter muscle: surround openings1. Orbicularis oculi muscle• Origin: medial orbit: frontal bone, lacrimal bone, maxilla• Insertion: upper & lower eyelids (around perimeter of orbit)• Action: squinting, close eyelids, compresses lacrimal gland2. Levatorpalpebraesuperioris muscle• Origin: sphenoid bone• Insertion: dermis of upper eyelids• Action: elevate upper eyelid (wake up)C. Cheek and Mouth1. Buccinator muscle (trumpeter & roundish in shape)• Origin: alveolar process of the mandible and maxilla (posteriolateral parts)• Insertion: blends in w/ muscles @ the angle of mouth• Action: check compression, trumpets/balloon• Mastication: direct food over our molars2. Orbicularis oris muscle (like sphincter there are 4 parts to it)• Origin: modiolus: “hub” of cheek muscle• Insertion: opposite muscle part in upper/lower up and also Lips• Action: contract: close Ups, pucker Ups& relax open Ups/Mouth (communication and eating)D. Jaw1. Masseter muscle• Origin: zygomatic arch• Insertion: ramus & angle of mandible• Action: elevate mandible: closes mouth2. Temporalis muscle• Origin: temporal unes& fossa of temporal bone• Insertion: coronoid process of mandible• Action: elevates mandible & lateral & medial excursions (side to side movement)E. Neck1. Platysma muscle: large, superficial, thin (Platy = flat, broad (G.))• Origin: pectoralis major & deltoid (ant.) muscle• Insertion: mental region of mandible body, mental protuberance, & skin• Action: draws (depressing) the angle of mouth & lower lip “horror facial”2. Sternocleidomastoid muscle• Action: neck/head flexor3. Hyoid muscles: 8 pairs = 16 total• Suprahyoid group• Infrahyoid group: larynx• Attachments- O/I: hyoid bone- O/I: lower mouth & mandible, tongue, & larynx (cartilaginous structures: resp. system/vocals)- Action: vocalization, swallowing & synergists (chewing, open jaw)*Theme: Extrinsic muscles- O/I: in different regionsIntrinsic muscles- O/I: in same region (hands,