Biol 4843 1st Edition Exam # 2 Study GuideChapter 11: DNA Replication1. What are three words to describe DNA replication?2. What does fidelity mean?3. What are the three characteristics of replication?4. Describe how conservative, semiconservative, and dispersive replication are different.5. What did Meselson and Stahl do?6. Where is the origin in bidirectional replication? Describe the process.7. Describe semidiscontinuous replication.8. What direction can DNAPs synthesize in?9. Define: daughter strand, leading strand, lagging strand, Okazaki fragments, and RNA primer.10. What is a primer-template junction?11. What do dNTPs do?12. What is exonuclease activity?13. What is the difference between Pol III and Pol I?14. Describe the open and closed e. coli DNAP I. What could have happened if fingers can’t close/how do you fix it?15. What is DNA processivity?16. Why does Pol III need to be able to hold on longer than Pol I?17. Describe e. coli DNAP III.18. What is a sliding clamp and what does it do/need?19. Describe helicase, topoisomerase, primase, Pol I, RNaseH, ligase, and SSB.20. What is it called when all components are assembled?21. What is the trombone model of replication? (4 steps)22. How does replication compare in eukaryotes?23. What does DnaA do?24. What is the HU protein? What do you need to make an open complex?25. What do DnaC and DnaB do?26. Describe the loading and formation of the leading strands and lagging strands.27. Describe the control of initiation in e. coli.28. Describe the initiation in eukaryotes.29. What happens in termination of replication in e. coli?30. What co-occurs with replication in e. coli?31. What does e. coli type II topoisomerase do?32. How is eukaryotic replication terminated?33. What are telomeres and what do they do?34. Where is telomerase active, and what does its length mean?35. In experiments with mice, what did they discover about activated telomerase?Chapter 12: DNA Mutation and Repair1. What mutations are caused by Earth’s atmosphere?2. What are mutations?3. What is a point mutation and what are the three types?4. Name the difference between transition and transversion.5. What are indels?6. What is DNA slippage?7. What are large scale mutations?8. What happens in hydrolysis?9. What is an abasic site?10. What can cause deamination, and if not repaired, mutation?11. Describe oxidative damage and alkylation.12. What are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons?13. What was an effect of nitrogen mustard gas?14. How are DNA damaging chemicals identified?15. What happens in chemotherapy?16. Describe solar radiation damage and gamma ray/x-ray damage.17. When does recombination occur?18. How do cells repair these types of DNA damage? (6 types)19. Describe the steps of mismatch repair in e. coli.20. What are negative and positive outcomes of mismatch repair?Chapter 131. What is recombination?2. What happens at an unrepaired DNA lesion?3. What are the steps of recombination? (4)4. What is SDSA?5. Descript ds break repair.6. What are the steps in fork regression?7. What are the steps in gap repair for single stranded regions?8. Name two bacterial proteins involved in recombination process.9. What two things are involved in initiation of recombinational repair?10. Describe RecBCD activity.11. Describe RecFOR.12. What does RecA do?13. How is RecA synthesis regulated?14. What are RuvA, RuvB, and RuvC?15. Describe homologous recombination in eukaryotes.16. Describe nonhomologous end joining.Chapter 141. What is site-specific recombination?2. What does a recombination site look like?3. What recognizes the recombination site?4. Describe FRT site. What does recombinase do here?5. How does recombination due to inversion differ from recombination due to deletion and recombination due to insertion?6. Describe the recombination process.7. What is the lysogenic lifestyle? What lifestyle is most common?8. Describe salmonella’s role in SSR in gene expression.9. What are things that are done in biotechnology with SSR? (3 things)10. What are transposable elements?11. What is transposition?12. What is transposase?13. What are the three transposition pathways?14. Describe cut and paste.15. Describe replicative.16. Describe retrotransposition.17. Name and describe the four common classes of bacterial transposons.18. Name the three common classes of eukaryotic transposons.19. Describe the eukaryotic retrotransposon yeast Ty element.20. What are similar to retrotransposons?21. How is the HIV antivirus targeted?*need add rest of ch 14 and ch