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NDSU PSYC 111 - Operant Conditioning

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Psych 111 1st Edition Lecture 16Outline of Last Lecture I. LearningII. MaturationOutline of Current Lecture I. What happened on social media last nightII. Operant conditioningIII. ReinforcementCurrent LectureI. Operant conditioninga. Form of learningb. Voluntary responses controlled by consequencesII. Reinforcementa. Any event or stimulus that increases the probability that a response will occur againb. Also called reinforceIII. Two kinds of reinforcementa. + and –b. IMPORTANT note: negative reinforcement is NOT punishmentIV. Positive Reinforcement a. The addition or experience of a pleasurable stimulus (chocolate)V. Negative Reinforcement a. The removal, escape from, or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulusi. Buckling seatbeltii. Do what we want, and well take of itVI. Making reinforcement effectivea. Should immediately follow behavior meant to reinforceb. Reinforcer should be desirable to the individual (make sure they love it)c. It’s a GRADUAL journey (reinforce improvement not perfection)VII. PunishmentThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Any event or object that makes a response less likely to happen againTwo types of punishment1. Positive punishment a. The addition or experience of an unpleasant stimulusi. Spanking2. Negative punishmenta. Removal of a pleasurable stimulusi. Time-outWhat does punishment do?Immediately stop an already occurring behavior punishment stops everythingProblems with punishmentI. Controla. Not just the behavior the punisher is interested in stoppingII. Spontaneous recoverya. Punished behavior happened for a reasonb. Reason usually remains after punishmentIII. Only shaping with punishments creates fear and anxietya. Emotional states not conductive to


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