HD 3700 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 10Lecture 1 (January 22)The strange case of Dr. Z- Dr Z carved his initials into a woman’s stomach after delivering her baby via C-section- Lawyer diagnosed him with frontal lobe disorder (very vague), another lawyer diagnosed it as Pick’s Disease (form of dementia similar to Alzheimers), diagnosis only in interest of acquitting client- Incident was likely a manic episode: psychotic behavior (unable to distinguish internal reality from external reality), delusions of grandeur - Societal misunderstanding: Society is very ignorant of mental health issueso Blame “evil” instead of mental illness—i.e. school shootings almost always result of paranoid schizophrenic break but society characterizes the shooter as “evil”o Even the NY Times took the diagnosis of the attorney- Psychotic disorder: Dr. Z suffered an episode that affected his judgment and behavior- His symptoms make “sense”…o What he did was “madness” and yet he didn’t leave random marks on his patient, he lefthis initials—it had meaning- His symptoms make “sense” because they were associativeo His thought processes were out of touch with reality (psychosis) and his symptoms were an expression of his emotional relationship to his patientLecture 2 (January 27) Freud’s story- A time of great intellectual and scientific discovery, a challenge to class structure, established religion, & culture norms…but also a time of intense sexual and aggressive repressiono Because moral ideas had replaced Renaissance ideas (e.g., social norms, places in society)o Examples: separate beds for husband and wife, body was viewed as morally dirty, huge underground market for porn, prostitutes, other illegal behavior/things (homosexuality)- The rise of the scientific method—human behavior/experience studied scientifically- Ideas dominating the last century: don’t take reality at face value! Current reality has a history that can be exploredo Marx, Darwin, Helmholtz and Freud: All looked at contemporary reality and gave it a backstory, challenging the current dominant ideaso Marx: social reality governed by economic/political/cultural forces is an expression of evolution of society at a given moment in timeo Darwin: plant/animal life evolved through mutations, survival of the fittesto Helmholz: forces within nature are an expression of energyo Freud: forces of the mind, moments of consciousness are not random, nor are they under our control. They are expressions of preceding moments of consciousness and contribute to future moments.Hysteria and the origins of psychotherapy - Hysteria—real physical symptoms without a physical cause, “untreatable” patients- Psychotherapy started with the bedside mannero The bedside manner led Freud to ask his patients to reflect on their illness, leading themfirst to the onset of the symptoms, then to a traumatic event symbolized by the illness He concluded that the traumas were being expressed through the symptoms rather than being expressed through consciousness As they expressed the traumas through consciousness (talking about them), their symptoms ceasedo This led to the psychoanalytic method – lying on a couch, associating freely during the hour, resolving symptoms, discovering underlying thoughts and feelings … which led to…o Psychoanalytic theories to explain the phenomena Freud observed during psychoanalyticsessions.Parapraxes/slips of the tongue - The slip is always the result of a conflict between competing ideas … - The intended sentence (the ‘disturbed’ content) is replaced at the last second by the slip (the ‘disturbing’ content). They are connected by the “train of thought” underlying the speaker’s ideas.- Slips of the tongue are but one instance of an intrusion of unconscious wishes, fears, thoughts orfeelings. Forgetting a name, a memory, an appointment … these are intrusions, too..- Freud insists that we have a built-in resistance to considering these errors as having any meaning. We are unconsciously motivated to dismiss them as “random errors”Lecture 3 (January 29) Dreams- Freud’s evidence for unconscious associations = dreams- Every dream is disguised wish fulfillment - Consciousness in dreams is qualitatively different from that of waking life- To find out what the dream really means—have the dreamer associate - 3 rules on associating to dreams: o Don’t worry about what the dream appears to tell uso Associate to the element of the dream without judging the associationso Keep associating until connections between the dream materials and the underlying thoughts emerge- Patients often stop their associations/dismiss them as irrelevant: there is resistance to discovering the dream’s meaning, Freud says that these ideas that people try to suppress/dismiss turn out to be the most important- Free association works because all thoughts are connected with earlier thoughts—psychic continuity, a dream element often leads to a thought indirectly connected to itLecture 4 (February 3) Hamlet- The first play to explore interiority of mental experience- First line “Who’s there?” – Who the hell are you? A play about an audience that cannot make up its mind.- Example of the associative mind: Horatio’s use of the word “harrowing” is associating to his initial line “a piece of him”Dream structure and dream work- Dream thoughts: thoughts that occur to the dreamer during dream states,o Freud thought these were always wishes- Dream thoughts constitute the latent content of the dream- Dream work takes the dream thoughts and expresses them in hallucinatory images composed of related thoughts to disguise and distort them (dream work disguises dream thoughts, which maybe disturbing, and might keep you awake)- Thus, dreams are the guardians of sleep- How the dream-work workso Condensation: compressing the latent dream thoughts in images that omit, combine, or reverse, those meanings.o Displacement: a latent thought is replaced by a part of itself/by an allusion to ito Transformation into visual images: hallucinatory “movies”o Language is reversed or doubled: the ambiguous meaning of primal words is exploited indreams, Freud argues that dreams rarely depict “no” but instead represent both sides of a wish or fearThe Associative Mind- Freud “I associate therefore I am” - The self is the way your mind is associating at any given minute - The