BIOL 1005 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Lectures: 7 - 12Lecture 7 (February 5)Community PPTDescribe the heart as one organ. Then describe the heart as two separate organs. What's different? What's the same?Lecture 8 (February 10) Ecosystem PPTWhat is a biological community? Define community. Define population. Define law of tolerance.What are the two ways to adapt? Define natural selection. Define speciation. Define ecological niche. Define habitat. Define function. Define generalist. Define specialist. What does intensity of competition depend on? Define interspecific. Define intraspecific. What is the Law of Competitive Exclusion? What is resource portioning? Define prey. Define co-evolution. What is a keystone species? What is symbiosis? What is commensalism? What is mutualism? What is parasitism? Define primary succession. Define secondary succession. Define climax community. What is ecological development? What is a climax community? What is a equilibrium community?Lecture 9 (February 12)Ecosystem PPTDiscuss trophic levels. Discuss ecological pyramids. Discuss the hydrologic cycle. Discuss the carbon cycle. Discuss nitrogen cycle. Discuss phosphorus cycle. Know the reservoirs for each cycle. What is bio accumulation? What is bio magnification? Lecture 10 (February 17)Population PPTWhat is population? What is natality? What is morality? Define birthrate. Define death rate. Define sex ratio. Define age distribution. Define pre-reproductive age. Define reproductive age. Define post-reproductive age. Discuss population dispersion. Define biotic factors. Define abioticfactors. Discuss the s-curve. Define carrying capacity. Define environmental resistance. Know thedifference between density-independent factors and density-dependent factors. Discuss reproductive patterns and survival. Know the difference between immigration and emigration. Discuss environmental resistance factors for humans.Lecture 11 (February 19)VideoThere was no lecture on this day. The concepts are with the next class period.Lecture 12 (February 24)Human Population PPTKnow the concepts of the video. What are the causes of growth? What are factors to consider about causes of growth? Define fertility rate. Discuss the demographic transition concept. Discuss US population. Discuss world population growth. Discuss human population. Discuss issues with human population growth.Sample questions. I have NOT seen the test and do NOT know what the questions will be. I have made up these questions simply for you to test your knowledge. This should hopefully give you an idea of what you know and what you need to study. Remember, the professor specifically said the test format will consist of multiple definition, example, and list type questions.1. The Law of Competitive Exclusion states:a. No two species will occupy the same niche and compete for exactly the same resources for an extended period of timeb. No two species will occupy similar niches c. Two species are likely to compete for the same niched. Two species are likely to battle for food2. Competitive exclusion is where:a. One species blends into anotherb. One species out competes the otherc. One species eats the otherd. One species mates with the other3. Resource partitioning is when:a. Two species divide a niche and share itb. Two species mate with each otherc. Two species eat the same foodd. Two species fight off disease together4. Resource partitioning ultimately:a. Increases the food resourcesb. Drives out predatorsc. Attracts predatorsd. Limits food resources5. An ecological niche is:a. A set of factors that threaten the continuation of a speciesb. An area with everything an organism needs to livec. An area with limiting nutrientsd. A set of factors that help a species thrive6. A place or set of environmental conditions where a particular organism lives is its:a. Habitatb. Ecological nichec. Environmental atmosphere d. Function 7. The description of the role a species plays in a biological community, or the total set of environmental factors that determines species distribution:a. Habitat b. Ecological nichec. Environmental atmosphere d. Function 8. A place or set of environmental conditions where a particular organism lives along with the description of the role a species plays in a biological community, or the total set of environmental factors that determines species distribution is:a. Habitat b. Ecological nichec. Environmental atmosphered. Function 9. Competition between members of different species is:a. Interspecific competitionb. Intraspecific competitionc. Inter-dynamic competitiond. Intra-dynamic competition10. Competition among members of the same species is:a. Interspecific competitionb. Intraspecific competitionc. Inter-dynamic competitiond. Intra-dynamic competition11. This type of competition is often intense due to same space and nutritional requirements because it can’t get any more similar.a. Interspecific competitionb. Intraspecific competitionc. Inter-dynamic competitiond. Intra-dynamic competition12. Competition intensity depends on:a. How similar the requirements of the species areb. How much the ecological niches overlapc. How similar the requirements of the species are compared to the ecological niched. Home similar the requirements of the species are along with how much the ecological niches overlap13. The more similar the species are, the more they overlap and must compete.a. Trueb. False14. An example of intense competition is:a. Mice and rabbitsb. Eagles and snakesc. Birds and bearsd. Dogs and cats15. A species or a group of species whose impact on its community or ecosystem is much larger and more influential than would be expected from mere abundance is:a. Keystone speciesb. Dominant speciesc. Community speciesd. Pioneer species16. If this species is removes, the entire system falls apart.a. Keystone speciesb. Dominant speciesc. Community speciesd. Pioneer species17. A species that if removed, the entire system falls apart, has to be a top end predator.a. True b. False18. In primary succession, the species that starts from scratch is the:a. Keystone speciesb. Dominant speciesc. Community speciesd. Pioneer species19. When a community begins to develop on a site previously unoccupied by living organisms is:a. Primary successionb. Secondary successionc. Climax communityd. Pioneer species20. When an existing community is disrupted and a new one subsequently develops at the site is:a. Primary successionb. Secondary