PSC 124 1st Edition Lecture 13Outline of Last Lecture I. Ethnic conflict and intractability (conflict of ideas)II. Religion (conflict of ideas)III. Ideology (conflict of ideas)IV. Territorial disputes (conflict of interests)V. Control of governments (conflict of interests)VI. Economic conflict (conflict of interests)Outline of Current LectureI. Obama speech in Prague; new START treatyII. WMDs and nuclear technologyIII. Nuclear insecurityCurrent LectureI. Obama speech- April 5, 2009- Nuclear reduction treaty signed in 2011; in effect until 2021- Number of strategic nuclear missile launchers reduced by half- New inspection and verification regime- Limits number of deployed nuclear warheads, ICBMs (intercontinental ballistic missiles), and SLBMs (submarine launched ballistic missile)- Allows for satellite and remote monitoringII. WMDs- nuclear, biological, chemical- saber rattling: when a country talks about how much firepower it has and how much damage it can do to another country- WMDs can be used by small countries as extortion or by terrorists for terrorThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- The Manhattan Project was a WWII effort to develop first nuclear weapons. Trinity test in New Mexico marked the beginning of a nuclear age- Developed and detonated in 1945- Uranium bomb over Hiroshima and Plutonium over Nagasaki- Delivery systems- getting the weapon to the target. They could be strategic (over long distances) or tactical (used on the battlefield). - Types of delivery systems: ICBM, SRBM, SLBM, cruise missiles III. Nuclear insecurity- MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction): based on the deterrence theory. If both sides have first and second strike capability (both parties can strike first or retaliate after being struck), then striking would start a war and result in the destruction of both parties. The MAD theory assumes perfect detection (there are no false positives, launch camouflage, no alternate means of delivery), perfect rationality (no rogue states, no rogue commanders, all leaders care about their people, no leader would strike first) and an inability to defend (no anti-missile technology)- Selling nuclear secrets: in 2011 the US charged Pakistan with selling secrets. In January 2004, Abdul Qadeer Khan, Pakistani nuclear scientist and founder of Pakistan’s nuclear program, admitted to selling secrets and parts to other countries. He was dismissed from his port but given another government position; did not face strict consequences and is still popular in Pakistan- Iran’s nuclear program: began in 1970s, confirmed existence of secret nuclear facilities in 2002; claimed they were for peaceful purposes but was inconsistent in cooperating with the International Atomic Energy Agency. In 2010 Israel and the US jointly launched “Stuxnet”- a virus to make the Iranian centrifuges spin faster than they should to stop the production of nuclear