HIST-151.003 1st Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I. Chapter 21: “Progressivism from Grass Roots to the White House 1890-1916”Outline of Current Lecture II. Chapter 21: “Progressivism from Grass Roots to the White House 1890-1916” cont.- Recall, Referendum, and Initiative- TR – Trust Buster – Hepburn Railway Act- Clayton Act- Federal Reserve Act- Muller V. Oregon, Brandeis BriefCurrent Lecture Recall, Referendum and Initiative - Three general examples of Progressivism – all apply to the 50 states- Recall – the ability of the People to remove an elected official (depending on the state)o Requires a replacement and an electiono The People do not have the power to remove the President – those powers belong to the Legislative Branch - Referendum – A measure created by state legislatorso Legislators that wish to effect change in society, keep their opinions to themselves, and instead, ask the opinion of the People for their ideas and suggestionso They’ll ask for the People’s opinions on controversial items, or if they do not want to be held accountable for making regrettable decisions as well as taking an account of how the people feel- Initiative – Allows people to initiate a law on their own – a ballot proposalo Can effect legal and national changeTR – Trust Buster – Hepburn Railway Act- TR (Teddy Roosevelt) Trust Buster (dismantled monopolies)- Youngest man in the White House – Republican, cowboy, Progressivist - Committed to the landscape and foreign policy- As focused on the international world as he was focused on the domestic agenda- Created a new cabinet position – Department of Commerce o Focuses on business, industry, and buying and sellingo Addressed growing concern that businesses and corporations were dominating- TR has a list – two sides to the list – good and badThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Bad list contained all of the owners of monopolies – top of the list: Rockefeller and the meat packing industry – typically any men that Roosevelt held in low esteem was on the list- Hepburn Railway Act – Enforced the language in the Interstate Commerce Act - Enforced fines for those who disobeyed/violated any aspect- Initiated standard book-keeping practices for railroads – later transformed to regulations for Semi-trucksClayton Act- The Sherman Anti-trust Act did not have teeth o Suggested that monopolies existed and restrained trade - Clayton Anti-Trust act had teeth o If someone was found to be in a combination (monopoly) that restrained in trade, they would be dismantled permanently Federal Reserve Act- Interest rates are determined by the Federal Reserves- The Federal Reserve was set up because of the Act – signed into law in the early 19-teens- Set up a compromise between public (Government) and private (Titans)- Federal Chair watches over the interest market – Fed. sets the rates for every financial transaction - Brought public and private concerns under one umbrella- Credit becomes more easily obtained- Set up Federal Reserve banks across the nation- If this were not in place, the Great Depression would have come much earlier and would have been more catastrophicMuller V. Oregon, Brandeis Brief- Oregon – jumped on the Progressive bandwagon - Passes an act and a law that restricts the number of hours a woman can work (limits to 8)o Businesses were outraged – sued Oregon- Muller v. Oregon – U.S. Supreme Court decision- Argued by Lewis Brandeis, a radicalo Believed women should be allowed to go home after 8 hours of worko Argued mitigating circumstantial issues – woman suffer from more miscarriages, abuse at home, and are more likely to neglect their children- Known as the Brandeis Brief- Oregon won the court