SOC 101 1st Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture II. Stratification SystemIII. Class TheoriesIV. Social ClassV. Class CharacteristicsVI. Is Wealth The Problem?VII. Durkheim and ExcessVIII. What Motivates People To Excel?Outline of Current Lecture IX. Race In The US X. Race & RacismXI. Institutional RacismXII. Prejudice & Discrimination XIII. Privilege & Color “Blindness”XIV.Sex & GenderXV. Sex/Gender As PoliticalXVI. SexismXVII. Gender InequalityXVIII. Violence Against WomenXIX. Rape CulturesXX. Feminism Current LectureRace In The US – Not Resolved- Colonialism subjugates or eliminates native populations and steals Africans for free labor- Civil Right Movement almost a century after Emancipation Proclamation- Some members of minority groups making it to the “top” of their fields, but more minorities lag behind- “New Jim Crow” as ongoing efforts to keep non-whites subjugated Race & Racism- Race is socially constructed through power relations historical interactions, and status categories - Ethnicity as the cultural aspects groups engage in – food, music, language, beliefs- Racism – classifying groups as distinctly different enough to signify inferiority or superiorityThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Individual or personal racismo Overt – persons who openly express beliefs or inferiority/superiorityo Covert – persons who indulge in background assumptions/stereotypes Institutional Racism- Individuals may not be racist, but institutional structures may reproduce exclusionary patterns- Neighborhoods concentrated in class divisions- Lending practices and “risk”- Bureaucracies tend to reproduce their own kind (connections, legacies)- Environmental racismPrejudice & Discrimination- Prejudice is holding unfavorable beliefs and feelings about a specific group of gropso Environment or personal experience o “Colorism” as internalized interpretations - Discrimination is engaging in unfair practices against members perceived to belong o certain groupso Individuals may be prejudiced but not practice discrimination, vice versa Privilege & Color “Blindness”- Privilege tends to be invisible to the holdero Same advantages for everyone (equality)- Privilege assumes its own deservedness and fails to see structural advantageso Individual achievement ideology- Color blindness assumes racism no longer exists or individuals not motivated by race Sex & Gender- One’s sex is biological, and socially constructed as a category – usually make or female inwestern societies- One’s gender is a social distinction revolving around how feminine or masculine a personexperiences him/herself- Gender identity can be any combination on masculine (andro)/feminine(gyny) continuumSex/Gender As Political- Some societies give women inferior relation to meno Restricted rights or access to resourceso Treatment from paternalism  derogation  oppression- Problem that women are not a separate group. Women and men exist together in all groups o Can’t know what a society would be like with only women or only menSexism - A system of belief that one sex (usually female) is inferior to the other and policy that disadvantages women and advantages men - Patriarchy or father rule – standards based on men and their power over others- Matriarchy as mother rule – some evidence from historical cultures, but very little evidence in present cultures - Feminism as a counter to sexism, is the promotion and defense of equal right for womenGender Inequality- Institutional sexism – embedded in social institutions o Segregate, exploit, exclude based on physical differenceso Incorporate values and practices based on traditional expectations- Masculinized Institutionso Preference for masculine qualitieso Reaction against “feminization” Violence Against Women- VAWA 1994 – renewed 2013 with some accommodation to sovereign native lands- Rape as historical and a form of social controlo Keep women in their place – men’s propertyo Restrict women’s movement- War Rapeo Humiliate enemyo Contaminate next generationo Elimination process – genocide Rape Cultures- Studies at universities find “rape prone” and “rape free” variations- Institutions with competitive, hyper-masculine sports cultures, conductive to make aggression against females, encourage male dominationo Men learn to rape- Cultures that encourage sexual equality and discourage sexual aggression  rape free Feminism- The promotion and defense of equal rights for women- Feminisms – liberal, radical, socialist, Marxist, social, multi-cultural - Historical phaseso First wave – with Enlightenment, for suffrageo Second wave – work place equality, reproductive freedomo Third wave – inclusion of class and coloro Fourth wave –