BIOM 121 1nd Edition Lecture 14 Outline of Last Lecture I. Catabolic Processesa. Cellular Respirationi. Glycolysisii. Citric Acid Cycleiii. Oxidative PhosphorylationOutline of Current Lecture II. Fermentationa. Types of Fermentationb. Anaerobic and Aerobic RespirationCurrent LectureFermentation- Most cellular respiration requires oxygen to produce ATP- Without oxygen the electron transport chain will cease to operate- When oxygen is not present, glycolysis couples with fermentation or anaerobic respiration to produce ATPo Fermentation: uses substrate-level phosphorylation instead of an electron transport chain to generate ATP.Types of Fermentationi. Alcohol Fermentation: pyruvate is converted to ethanol in two steps.1. Used in brewing, winemaking, and bakingii. Lactic Acid Fermentation: pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate asan end product, with no release of CO21. Used by some fungi and bacteria to make cheese and yogurt2. Used by human muscles when oxygen is scarceAnaerobic and Aerobic Respiration Use glycolysis to oxidize glucose NAD+ is the oxidizing agent Difference: different final electron acceptors- Fermentation: organic molecule- Cellular Respiration: oxygenThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iii. Obligate anaerobes: carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration and cannot survive with oxygeniv. Facultative Anaerobes: can survive either with fermentation or cellular respiration1. Pyruvate is a fork in the metabolic road that leads to two alternative catabolic
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