PSYC 311 1st EditionLecture 11Lecture 11 – February 26 (slide 106-130)- Types of chemicalso Hormones – can increase sensory sensitivity, change CNS capabilities, change muscular capabilities, and change appearance Appearance of rival/opposite sex – can trigger sign stimulus nature of animalso Pheromones – external chemicals released by conspecifics that appear similar to hormones Usually considered odors: act as sign stimulus triggering FAPs o Kairomone: chemical signal produced by one species that benefits another species Some prey animals can “eavesdrop” on pheromones that predators use to communicate - Sensory Systems o All animals have NS and sensory systems that enable their own survival o Vision – responses to variations in reflective electromagnetic radiation (light) We “see” in the least injurious spectrum - Focus light on retina - Control amount of light entering eye- Sensitivity to light vs. detail (color) vision Contrast: compound eyes- Fruit flies/mosquitoes (lots of eyes)- Pattern vision – color and movement detection Features of visual systems - Photosensitive surface, movement detection, feature detection, color detection, detail vision, night vision, depth/3D, preventative against thermal/ionizing radiation Evolution of eyes - Coppelia (isopod) – one ideao See via “line pictures” (like a TV) - Chambered nautilus – 9 inch visibility o Cephalopods o Hearing Human range (20 – 20 KHz)- No species has better hearing (sensitivity to sound)- Difficult for other species to be more sensitive at the eardrums than humans are Localization of sound – best with more than one receptor located at different parts of body o Smell and taste – humans lacking To be detected, stimulus must reach the sense organ Jacobsen’s organ (vomeronasal organ)- Taste/small in snakes Flehman Response – horses, tigers, house cats “exotic” senses – UV, infrared (IR)- Electric gymnarchus - Shark skin – ampullae of Lorenzini (platypus,
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