HIST 2020 1st Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture I. Major Domestic Issues Between 1877 and 1990a. Plight of the American Farmerb. The Economyc. Racial DiscriminationOutline of Current Lecture I. Home Fronta. The Economyb. Financing the Warc. Promoting the ward. Wartime Intolerancee. African Americansf. Latinosg. Womenh. Influenza PandemicII. American Disillusionment a. Wilson’s 14 Pointsb. Treaty of Versaillesc. League of Nationsd. Retreat to IsolationCurrent LectureI. The Home FrontA. The Economy: We have to build up our economy to prepare for this war. It’s important that the government provides needs for this conflict. 1. New Government Agencies: During WW1, the government creates about 5,000 new agencies to prepare. Examples: War Industry Board- provided materials like metal, iron, etc. for war; These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.National War Labor Board: make sure management and labors are working together for war effort. Fuel Agency: makes sure coal is being extracted and used to fuel industries. Herbert Hoover made sure we had enough food to feed our troops and allies. One way he did this was by creating meatlessMonday in order to conserve meat.2. Industry and Agriculture: Business is booming, prices double for crops. Europe’s economy is disrupted since there is a lot of fighting over there. Farmers who have experienced a lot of difficulty lately are now going through good times; the problem is wars don’t last forever. This will lead to deeper debt because they go out and buy land now that they have a lot coming in.B. Financing the War: War is expensive. To finance the war, the government sells war bonds. The people would buy bonds to help pay for the war. The US people like this because even if they can’t fight, they are contributing to helping in the war. C. Promoting the War: There are many immigrants in the country at this time, many are German, and we are currently fighting against Germany in the war. The US feels the need to promotethe war to make sure citizens stay true.1. Committee on Public Information (CPI): This committee who were supposed to combat war rumors. Eventually their job became getting support for the war especially from the Germans. There were sponsored speakers to go throughout the country and talk for four minutes about what is at stake in this war. 300 million speeches were given, three times the amount of Americans at this time.D. Wartime Intolerance: Americans were targeting anything German, and they take it too far. Anything German is suspicious to them. Examples: German used to be the most common foreign language taught in schools, but they took it out. They renamed the hamburger, liberty sandwich. 1. Espionage Act (1917) & Sedition Amendment (1918): Sedition Amendment said that you can’t criticize the government, war effort, any US law, military, or uniform. This was intended to silence critics during the war. They were really targeting socialists.2. Conscientious Objectors: Many are objecting to serving because of their faith. About 65,000 register as objectors. E. African-Americans: Africans see this war as a way to escape the South and move to places like Chicago, New York, etc.1. The Great Migration: 500,000 Africans saw this as a great way to start over, but what they found was many northern whites were also racist.F. Latinos: Latinos are also moving to the north. Internal migration is occurring with them as well. They see this as an opportunity to cross the border and get jobs in factories.G. Women: Women are formally fighting for the women’s rights movement. During WW1, a lot of jobs are available so women take many of these jobs. About 1 million women enter the workforce for the first time. They hope their efforts will be rewarded with the right to vote nationwide. This does happen in 1920.1. 19th Amendment: In 1920, the right is awarded to women to vote. It took the US senate 18 months to debate and pass the amendment. It took months to pass through all of the states and ratify. Tennessee was the ¾ vote that passed the amendment by one vote. 72 years after Seneca Falls women are given the right to vote. H. Influenza Pandemic (1918-1919): This was the last major pandemic that we have had. The reason it spread so quickly was the advancement in travel (railroads, cars, ships traveling more often to foreign countries, etc.). It got to the point where every 1 in 15 who had it died. There were about 50 million worldwide in 1918. In north America 600,000 died.II. American DisillusionmentA. Wilson’s 14 Points: Wilson was elected in 1912 as president and very idealistic. 116,000 Americans perished during the war. They have to count for something. What Wilson is saying by 14 points is there are 14 things that America needs to change in order to create a better America. Ex:-American people should make decisions-Freedom of the sea’s without the fear of being blown up-Reduction of arms and weapons-League of nations, which is what he wanted the mostB. Treaty of Versailles: A treaty that dictated the Germans. Reduced the German military to about 100,000 men, did away with German submarines, took away German territory. It was not negotiated; it was dictated to them. Wilson was against it.C. League of Nations: The only thing Wilson got out of his 14 points was a League of Nations. If one nation was attacked, another nation had to come to its aid. When Wilson comes back to Europe with this treaty, the senate begins to debate this treaty. They don’t like it. Many senators feel like it takes away our sovereignty of when we fight and when we don’t and forces us to defend other countries when we are not involved. The treaty is declined.D. Retreat to