PHY 182 1st Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I. History of Electricity II. What is Charge?Outline of Current Lecture I. What causes Charge?II. Electric FieldsCurrent LectureWhat Causes Charge?- It is important to remember that charge can never be created nor destroyed.- When something becomes charged, it is because it has been transferred from one material to another.- So far, the only cause of charge we have dealt with is friction. There are other forces thatcan cause something to become charged but for now, we will just deal with frictional forces.Electric Fields- Michael Faraday observed that particles react to other charges in the same way that planetary bodies react, through long-range forces.- Faraday found that particles tend to react only to the electric fields nearest to it. Technically, every charge creates a field that extends throughout all of space and affects every other charge in the universe.- To determine what an electric field looks like and its magnitude in different areas, you can use a test charge to see how it reacts to the field. You do not want your test charge to be too large because then it will affect the field.- When drawing field lines, bolder lines indicate a field of larger magnitude and thinner lines indicate a weaker field.- The magnitude of an electric field depends on the size of the charge and the distance between the creating charge and the test charge.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- An electric dipole is a separation of positive and negative charges. The simplest example of this is a pair of electric charges of equal magnitude but opposite sign, separated by some (usually small) distance.- An electric dipole is in the direction of negative to positive, and is equal to the charge multiplied by the distance separating the
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