SOC 100 1st Edition Lecture 9CultureCulture: The way of life of a people; more specifically, the human created strategies for adjusting to their surroundings and to those creatures ( including humans) that are apart of those surroundings. Ex: automobiles, YouTube, high – 5.*culture consists of material and non material components. Material culture: consists of all the natural and human created objects to which people have attached meaning. Ex: plants, trees, natural resources, dogs, cars, trucks, microwave ovens, computers, and smartphones. Beliefs: conceptions that people accept as true, concerning how the world operates and where the individual fits in relationship to others. Nonmaterial culture: the non-physical creations that people cannot hold or see. Values: General, shared conceptions of what is good, right, appropriate, worthwhile, andimportant with regard to conduct, appearance, and states of being. Norms: written and unwritten rules that specify behaviors appropriate and inappropriateto a particular social situation. Written norms:college student handbooks sign in restaurants “no smoking” Unwritten norms: tip 20% at restaurants; take off shoes before leaving the house. Folkway: norms that apply to the mundane aspects or details of daily life. Language: A symbol system involving the use of sounds, gestures (signing), and or characters (such as letters or pictures) to convey meaning. Cultural anchors: some cultural component- material ( a color, mascot, book) or non material ( a belief, value, norms, cherished symbol)- that elicits a broad consensus among members of its importance but also allows debate and dissent about its exact meaning. Cultural universals: things all cultures have in common These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Ex: language Cultural particular: include the specific responses or practices that cultures have put in place to direct the use of things like natural resources and handle inveitable challenges being human. Ex: the alphabet culture is learnedLinguistic relative hypothesis: the idea that no two languages are ever sufficiently similarto be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same world with different labels attached. Transcultural diffusion: the process by which an idea, an invention, or some other cultural item is borrowed from a foreign source. Culture shock: the strain that people from one culture experience when they must reorient themselves to the ways of a new culture. Re entry shock: culture shock in reverse; it is experienced returning home after living in another culture. Ethnocentrism: A viewpoint that uses one culture, usually the home culture, as the standard for judging the worth of foreign ways. Cultural genocide: An extreme form of ethnocentrism in which the people of one societynot as merely offensive but as so intolerable that they attempt to destroy it. Reverse ethnocentrism: A type of ethnocentrism in which the home culture is regarded as inferior to another culture. Cultural relativism: the perspective that a foreign culture should not be judged by the standards of a home culture and that a behavior or way of thinking must examined in its cultural context. Subculture: groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values, norms, beliefs, symbols, language, or material culture. Countercultures: subcultures that challenge contradicts, or outright reject the dominant or mainstream