HIST 106 1nd Edition Exam 2 Study Guide Lectures 10 18 WWI o o The French and Germans fought on The Western Front While Russians mobilize towards Germany they are stopped by the Germans at The Battle of Tannenberg Russians are very ill equipped 1 riffle for every 17 men Cost them 240 000 men Russian strategy Throw as many men into the battle as it takes o Battle of Lodz German lost 60 000 men Russians lost 95 000 o US starts going against the Germans by selling guns and gunpowder to Britain o 1915 Germans introduce poison gas on the Western Front Problems no one knew how to use it Empire of Russia Nicholas II o Alexandra his wife is from Germany and accused of being a spy o Alexis his son has hemophilia passed down from Queen Victoria o Nicholas took over army and is blamed for every death that occurs Gregory Rasputin o Floating Holy Man o Saves Alexis from dying by telling him Bible stories to calm him o People suspected he was giving info to Alexandra s family in Germany Zimmerman Note 1917 Zimmerman sent telegram to German embassy in Mexico to recruit the Mexicans help was intercepted by the US Gorge Lvov steps up to Russian empire in and tries to get them out of war Alexandra Kerensky steps up and wants to stay in a little bit longer Woodrow Wilson US President felt US should enter war b c Russians might drop out which would result in the war ending seeing that the Germans would only have to fight one side 1917 US declared war on Germany Lenin o Goes to Russia and sends orders to troops to shoot their officers and come home o Oct 1917 he confronts Kerensky and states we have taken over Russia and he is now in charge Russia drops out of war by Treaty of Brest Litovsk US troops are led to France by John Pershing o He decides not to go into Germany which was bad because it allowed the Nazi s to form o US tips the balance Influenza a flu brought by US troops kills more people in Europe than the war itself Nazi s first task is to build roads from west to east to make up for what they lost in the war Kaiser Wilhelm o German emperor not very well liked military forces him to leave goes to Holland with an obscene amount of money The war ends Nov 11 1918 o 11 11 11 11 Germans lost by 6 weeks Treaty of Versailles o Orlando from Italy wants territory o George Lloyd from England wants open trade agreements o Woodrow Wilson wants a democracy o Clemencomm from France writes the treaty and gives Wilson a democracy Call it Weimar Republic 1 The German army reduced to 100 000 men 2 Reduce Germany down to 6 ships 3 Germans have to pay 32 billion gold dollars 4 Germans must sign an agreement that they were responsible for the entire war Germans are experiencing hyperinflation in attempt to pay the French o US stops it by sending group of bankers led by Dawes Dawes Act o They do this b c Germans will be able to pay British and French who will be able to pay the US Dawes Act o Reduced Germanys debt o Stretched the repayment period o Arranged for American bankers to lend money to Germany The US after WWI o Palmer Raids raids all over country led by Mitchell Palmer o KKK returns stronger than ever o American Legion close to KKK turn against anyone not 100 American o American Civil Liberties Union created to protect citizens from KKK and American Legion o Industrial Workers of the World the wobblies wanted to take down capitalism believed in direct action arrested by gov for conspiracy gov was allowed b c US is technically still in war since treaty was not signed o Sacco Vanzet two Italian immigrants arrested tried and executed in US for AntiAmerican activities during the war o Warren G Harding elected in 1920 Republican Died mysteriously 1st certificate Shell Fish Poisoning 2nd certificate Heart Attack Blames WWI on Wilson b c he was Democrat o Calvin Coolidge elected 1924 Republican o Herbert Hoover elected in 1928 Republican o 1920 1930 Boom Decade 3 republican presidents in a row people are making money and rise of the hoodlums Europe after WWI o Nazi s Product of the 1920s 1 National Germany only 2 Roman symbols from Ancient Rome o Hitler 3 Male movement 4 Convinced Germany that they were a part of an ancient tribe called Aryans 5 Hated the Jews 6 Worship the Volk 7 Master producers of stuff knick knacks Born in Austria Blamed the Jews for not getting into art school Was a messenger during the war and was angry b c he was never promoted Goes to Munich and becomes a spy went from group to group and wrote reports Joined a group called National Socialists German Workers Party NSDAP 1920 s o Underlying weaknesses of the economy in 1920 s Workers and consumers received too small of a share of the increase in labor productivity Industrial workers endured unemployment and seasonal layoffs Unequal distribution of income o The most successful corporations led in 3 areas Integration of production and distribution Product diversification Expansion of industrial research o 3 Republican Presidents in a row Warren G Harding Calvin Coolidge Herbert Hoover o Introduction of the Automobile Changes pattern of city life people are able to move to suburbs o Electricity is common 2 3 public is using electricity People can listen to radio o Rise of advertising o Rise of buying on credit with stocks and bonds Buying on margin renting stock for 10 o Rise of chain stores o Cities getting larger and building getting higher o Problems with all of this Railroad coal and cotton industries are declining as people are using alternatives Farms are buying out all small farms Poor and blacks are not doing well as engineers bankers business executions are doing well Public is bored and looking for something to do Prohibition and crime is going on US is suspicious of all immigrants and turn against them Pass immigrant law 1924 to prevent immigrants from coming in o Rise of fundamentalism Scopes Trial Monkey Trial Thomas Scopes encouraged his class to believe evolution and were arrested Was found guilty but only charged 1 o US economy is starting to overheat o Nazis attempt to take over German Government Hitler marches to Munich City Hall and announces he is going to take over threatens to kill himself arrested and taken to court was sentenced 1 year and 1 month Everything is moving to the right In jail Hitler writes Main Vamp my struggle By the time he gets out in 1925 Government is back on its feet Nazis would have died out if it weren t for the Stock Market Crash Stock Market Crash 1929 o 1929 market drops and does not come