HIST 106 1nd EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Lectures: 10 - 18- WWIo The French and Germans fought on The Western Fronto While Russians mobilize towards Germany, they are stopped by the Germans at The Battle of Tannenberg Russians are very ill equipped (1 riffle for every 17 men) Cost them 240,000 men Russian strategy: Throw as many men into the battle as it takeso Battle of Lodz: German lost 60,000 men, Russians lost 95,000o US starts going against the Germans by selling guns and gunpowder to Britain.o 1915 Germans introduce poison gas on the Western Front Problems: no one knew how to use it- Empire of Russia: Nicholas IIo Alexandra (his wife) is from Germany and accused of being a spyo Alexis (his son) has hemophilia, passed down from Queen Victoriao Nicholas took over army and is blamed for every death that occurs- Gregory Rasputino “Floating Holy Man”o Saves Alexis from dying by telling him Bible stories to calm himo People suspected he was giving info to Alexandra’s family in Germany- Zimmerman Note (1917): Zimmerman sent telegram to German embassy in Mexico to recruit the Mexicans help, was intercepted by the US.- Gorge Lvov steps up to Russian empire in and tries to get them out of war- Alexandra Kerensky steps up and wants to stay in a little bit longer- Woodrow Wilson (US President) felt US should enter war b/c Russians might drop out which would result in the war ending seeing that the Germans would only have to fight one side- 1917 US declared war on Germany- Lenin:o Goes to Russia and sends orders to troops to shoot their officers and come homeo Oct. 1917 he confronts Kerensky and states “we have taken over Russia” and he is now in charge- Russia drops out of war by Treaty of Brest-Litovsk- US troops are led to France by John Pershingo He decides not to go into Germany which was bad because it allowed the Nazi’s to formo US “tips the balance”- Influenza (a flu) brought by US troops kills more people in Europe than the war itself- Nazi’s first task is to build roads from west to east to make up for what they lost in the war- Kaiser Wilhelm:o German emperor, not very well liked, military forces him to leave, goes to Holland with an obscene amount of money- The war ends Nov. 11, 1918o 11/11 @ 11:11- Germans lost by 6 weeks- Treaty of Versailles o Orlando from Italy wants territoryo George Lloyd from England wants open trade agreementso Woodrow Wilson wants a democracy o Clemencomm from France writes the treaty and gives Wilson a democracy Call it “Weimar Republic”1. The German army reduced to 100,000 men2. Reduce Germany down to 6 ships3. Germans have to pay 32 billion gold dollars4. Germans must sign an agreement that they were responsible for the entire war- Germans are experiencing hyperinflation in attempt to pay the Frencho US stops it by sending group of bankers led by Dawes (Dawes Act)o They do this b/c Germans will be able to pay British and French who will be able to pay the US- Dawes Acto Reduced Germanys debto Stretched the repayment periodo Arranged for American bankers to lend money to Germany- The US after WWIo Palmer Raids: raids all over country led by Mitchell Palmer o KKK returns stronger than evero American Legion: close to KKK, turn against anyone not 100% Americano American Civil Liberties Union: created to protect citizens from KKK and American Legiono Industrial Workers of the World: (the wobblies) wanted to take down capitalism, believed in direct action, arrested by gov. for conspiracy, gov was allowed b/c US is technically still in war since treaty was not signedo Sacco & Vanzet: two Italian immigrants arrested, tried, and executed in US for Anti-American activities during the waro Warren G. Harding elected in 1920 (Republican) Died mysteriously  1st certificate: Shell Fish Poisoning 2nd certificate: Heart Attack Blames WWI on Wilson b/c he was Democrato Calvin Coolidge elected 1924 (Republican)o Herbert Hoover elected in 1928 (Republican)o 1920-1930: Boom Decade: 3 republican presidents in a row, people are making money, and rise of the hoodlums- Europe after WWIo Nazi’s Product of the 1920s 1. National (Germany only) 2. Roman (symbols from Ancient Rome) 3. Male movement 4. Convinced Germany that they were a part of an ancient tribe called Aryans 5. Hated the Jews 6. Worship the Volk 7. Master producers of “stuff” (knick knacks)o Hitler Born in Austria Blamed the Jews for not getting into art school Was a messenger during the war and was angry b/c he was never promoted Goes to Munich and becomes a spy, went from group to group and wrote reports Joined a group called National Socialists German Workers Party (NSDAP)- 1920’so Underlying weaknesses of the economy in 1920’s Workers and consumers received too small of a share of the increase in labor productivity Industrial workers endured unemployment and seasonal layoffs Unequal distribution of incomeo The most successful corporations led in 3 areas Integration of production and distribution Product diversification Expansion of industrial researcho 3 Republican Presidents in a row (Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover)o Introduction of the Automobile Changes pattern of city life, people are able to move to suburbso Electricity is common 2/3 public is using electricity People can listen to radioo Rise of advertisingo Rise of buying on credit with stocks and bonds Buying on margin (renting stock for 10%)o Rise of chain storeso Cities getting larger and building getting highero Problems with all of this: Railroad, coal, and cotton industries are declining as people are using alternatives Farms are buying out all small farms Poor and blacks are not doing well as engineers, bankers, business executions are doing well Public is bored and looking for something to do Prohibition and crime is going on US is suspicious of all immigrants and turn against them - Pass immigrant law 1924 to prevent immigrants from coming ino Rise of fundamentalism: Scopes Trial (Monkey Trial): Thomas Scopes encouraged his class to believe evolution and were arrested  Was found guilty but only charged $1o US economy is starting to overheato Nazis attempt to take over German Government Hitler marches to Munich City Hall and announces he is going to take over, threatens to kill himself, arrested and taken to