CL 222 1st Edition Lecture 7 Current LectureChapter 6: Artemis and Athena- Athena is the only goddess that wears armor; typically she wears a breastplate- She is the goddess of victory (NIKE) Artemis  Homeric hymn to Artemis Golden arrows, virgin, deer Lives among the mountains, woods, and sea Hunts with arrows, nets, and snares Nature fears Artemis because Zeus (her dad) gave only her the power to slaughter animals at will Potnia Theron-“mistress of the wild animals” Twin of Apollo Runs and leaps Sowing death among the race of wild animals Wild at heart; young and youthful Eases labor pains and ensures safety of newborns Guarded girls’ virginities Rites of Passage Callimachus, Hymn to Artemis, 19: “to the cities, Artemis does not often come down” She is the goddess out in the wildanti-city Escantai She lives on the edge of cultivated and uncultivated Her temples are located outside of the city through the uncultivated fields to the edges that meet cultivation She is unploughed of the man, unspoiled, and running wild and care free through the forest Artemis guides girls through the carefree time to her temple right on the edge of life, gets them ready, then drops them off there From the moment you’re born, she takes you from childbirth, receiving to take care until ages 12/13 when you’re ready for marriage and adulthoodThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Artemis is the symbol of innocence and youth She sends men: soldier, citizen, husband to be dutiful She sends women: wives, bearers of children, home managers to be moms and caretakers Artemis remained at odds with Aphrodite because she also remained a virgin Brauron Best attended cult center, where Artemis’ temple was located Young girls played as the “she-bear” as a rite of passage to womanhood Artemis is also associated with the sea – a wild, untamed place, therefore she is also associated with that: men don’t cultivate there Cults of Artemis involved dances performed by women in rural sanctuaries Dancingseparating healthy girls from lesser girls and also potentially a seductive element Rites of Passage and Brauron Iphigenia at Tauris A play where Brauron was mentioned Artemis is demanded sacrifice of Iphigenia (Agamemnon’s daughter) because he killed a small deer Agamemnon gave her away to marry Achilles, then instead killed her on the altar- Important elements People saw a bear near Attica (a region around Athens) that was under Artemis’ protection Young people were punished at the site of Brauron where the killing of the she-bear took place She-bear (human sacrifice) Iphigenia was the sacrifice so that the Greeks could have a safe voyage during the war with Troy Iphigenia was the priestess of Brauron to put an end to human sacrifice; slaying of the own self Brauron was really just used by the young girls of Athens They would go and live for months to undergo for rites of passage and training to be wives Brief mentions of these acts in text Early on, there was a big bonfire sacrifice and the girls would symbolically burn their toy as an idea of throwing away/burning childhood –some would dress up as the she-bear There was dancing and reenactment of the killing of the she-bear by the boys Bears were perfect analogies: females hibernating, then coming out with a family Footraces: they had athletic and beauty contests Winning a medal represented greatness Artemis was the moon goddess; Apollo was the sun god Female receiving, male extending/giving Rites of Passage in Myth Boys went out and learned to work together as a team They went on boar hunts with spears and nets Boars have tusks and make the men face danger (tusks were at the level with their manhood) Odysseus (after 10 years at the Trojan War, and then another 10 years after that) returned home, but not as himself He disguised himself as a beggar and scoped out situations at the palace While he is getting cleaned up during travel, the nurse-maid doing the job is none other than his own old nurse-maid, Eurykleia- She spots his scar near his groin that his got on his boar hunt during his rite of passage and screams Hippolytus honored Artemis by devoting himself to worshipping and hunting He therefore scorned Aphrodite He refused to leave Artemis behind and become a young man In anger, Aphrodite then caused Phaedra (Hippolytus’ dad’s girlfriend) to fall for Hippolytus, hoping it would ruin him Hippolytus refused to have sex with Phaedra, she became ashamed for trying, and killed herself- She tore her clothes, trashed the bedroom, then wrote Theseus that Hippolytustried to rape her- Theseus found Phaedra dead, got mad at Hippolytus, and exiled him- Theseus couldn’t control his anger so he called his half-dad Poseidon to help- Poseidon then sent a sea monster which scared Hippolytus’ horses, causing himto fall off and be dragged by the reins across the rocks to his death This story portrays rivalry between Aphrodite and Artemis (lust and abstinence) Actaeon Had horns on his forehead He saw Artemis and her nymphs naked, bathing in the river Castillo Best for understanding Artemis’ function as goddess of the rites of passage Castillo was a nymph dedicated to a life of virginity Zeus disguised himself as Artemis and lured Castillo to sex Even though Castillo shunned all men, she didn’t think a relationship with Artemis was bad Castillo became pregnant She fled ashamedly, but the real Artemis trapped and killed her Before death, she gave birth to Arcas (region of Arcadia) and his twin brother, Pan Zeus pitied Castillo and transformed her into the constellation Great Bear Attributes of Athena Glaukopis: owl-eyed or gleaming-eyed Keen-sighted (intellect) Olive tree ( Poseidon and the contest for Athens) Two potential stories for the name Pallas Athena Pallas Athena (did battle with giant in the Gigantomachy-clayed him and used him as a breastplate) Athena babysat Triton’s baby, Pallas, and while playing war, she accidentally killed her; she then felt remorseful, so Athena made a statue called Palladium, that ended up watching over the city- Ajax raped a girl