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UO PSY 556 - Prejudice, Stereotyping, & Discrimination
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PSY 556 1nd Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture I. Group BehaviorII. Evolutionary PsychologyIII. Social Dominance TheoryOutline of Current Lecture I. PrejudiceII. StereotypingIII. DiscriminationCurrent LecturePrejudice, Stereotyping, & Discrimination: The perpetrator’s perspectiveI. Prejudice: Negative feelings/attitudes toward others because of their group membership.a. AffectII. Discrimination: Negative behaviors towards others because of their group membership.a. BehaviorIII. Stereotypes: Beliefs that associate a group of people with certain traits. Can be positive or negative.a. Cognition(Affect, Behavior, Cognition are ABC’s of attitudes)IV. Why are people prejudiced?a. Social learning: existing social structuresb. Motivation: Realistic conflict theory, frustration-aggression theory, social dominance theoryc. Social Cognition: Cognitive misersd. Social IdentityV. Social Learning (1)a. Children learn to be prejudicedThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. Learning Theory:i. Observation/Reinforcementc. Children show signs of racial prejudice by the age of 5 (Aboud, 1988)d. Media/Advertisingi. Invisibilityii. MisrepresentationVI. Motivation (2)a. Psychodynamici. Displaced aggression1. Scapegoat/frustration-aggression2. Black lynchings (Hovland & Sears, 1940)3. Holocaustii. Authoritarian personality1. Adorno and colleagues2. Arises out of early personality conflictsb. Intergroup competitioni. Realistic group conflictii. Relative deprivation1. African-American soldiers after WWIIiii. Social dominance1. Legitimizing myths VII. Social dominance and prejudicea. Those who score high on social dominance orientation (SDO) are those who most want to protect hierarchyb. THEREFORE, high SDO people should be most likely to resort to prejudice when the hierarchy is threatenedc. 1990 General Social Survey d. N=1372 Caucasianse. Assessed SDO, belief in legitimizing myths, and perceptions of threatVIII. SDO analysis of the Tea Party a. Recent hierarchy attenuating developments…i. Election of a subordinate male to presidencyii. (More) health care equalityiii. Access to student loans for minoritiesiv. Change in gender rolesv. Reduced growth…b. “Lower per capita GDP growth is significantly linked to the support for extreme political positions …”c. “…Roughly one percentage point decline in growth translates into a one percentage point higher vote share of right-wing parties”-Bruckner & Gruner (2010)IX. Aggression when threatened (Rogers & Prentice-Dunn, 1981)a. U. of Alabama white participantsb. Told to give shocks to “other participant” in learning experiment, could choose level and durationi. IV#1: race of confederate1. Black or whiteii. IV#2: behavior of confederate1. Friendly or insultingX. Motivational Account of Stereotyping (Spencer, Fein, Fong 1998)a. Succeed or fail at task (threat manipulation)b. Primed with Asian or not depending on whether lab assistant is Asian or notc. Complete words with missing lettersi. S_ORT could be either SHORT or SPORTii. How many stereotypic completions?XI. Social Cognitions (3)a. We automatically categorizei. Perceptual salienceii. BUT also social normsb. We automatically process information based on category membershipc. Outgroup homogeneityd. Perception that outgroup members are more similar to one another than ingroup members are to one another e. They are all alike, we are individuals (Quattrone & Jones, 1980)i. Judge % of students who would make same decisions as man in the tape1. IV#1: School of participant2. IV#2: target was ingroup or outgroupXII. Automatic vs. controlled processing of stereotypesa. Devine (1989): A two step cognitive processi. Automatic process: automatic processes bring up stereotypesii. Controlled processes: conscious processing that can refute or ignore the automatically activated stereotypeXIII. Cognitive Misersa. We automatically categorize people in the name of efficiency; less likely to correct categorizationsi. Time pressuresii. Cognitively busyiii. Tirediv. Emotionally aroused (usually negatively)XIV. Social Identity (4)a. We want to see ourselves in positive lightb. One way to do so is to make favorable ingroup/outgroup comparisonsc. We tend to see outgroups differently than ingroupsi. Assumed similarityii. Outgroup homogeneityiii. Ingroup members seen as more complexd. Social Identity= Part of our self concept that we derive from our group membershipse. Both formal groups (e.g. alumni association) and informal groups (brown-eyed people in Eye of the Storm video)XV. Social Identity Theorya. We categorizeb. We identifyi. Ingroups= “us”ii. Gain self-esteem from our groupsc. We comparei. Outgroups = “them”ii. Gain group-esteem by derogating outgroupsXVI. ****Lots of evidence that the two forms of prejudice are NOT relatedXVII. When might I.F. and O.D. correlate?a. Moral superiorityi. Incompatible with toleranceb. Perceived threat (intergroup competition)c. Common goalsi. Makes differences salientd. Common valuesi. Hard to find positive distinctiveness on different dimensionXVIII. Reducing prejudicea. Intergroup contactb.


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UO PSY 556 - Prejudice, Stereotyping, & Discrimination

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