PSYCH 280 1nd Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I. Attitudesa. Two components of an attitudeb. Attitudes and predicting behaviorII. Mindless PersuasionIII. Elaboration Likelihood Modela. Implications of the route takenOutline of Current Lecture I. Gender Differencesa. Aggressionb. Empathy and Interconnectednessc. Sexual Attitudes and BehaviorII. Sexual Attitudes and behaviora. Sexual Promiscuityb. Mate Selectionc. JealouslyIII. Reasons for Gender DifferencesCurrent LectureI. Gender DifferencesAlthough it may seem like there huge differences between men and women, there are more similarities than differences. Women and men are almost identical when it comes to the psychological differences: Men and women are virtually identical on most traits (intelligence, helpfulness, etc), religiosity, and food taste preference (just to name a few). However, there are three “big” universal (both culturally and temporally) differences between men and women. (Culturally universal meaning these differences are found in all cultures, even tribes that haven’t had contact with any outsider. Temporally universal meaning that these differences have been observed across time periods—mean and women were different in these aspects back in medieval times, same as now). These are the differences:a. Aggression: Men are more aggressive (NOT assertive) than women. For example, the ratio of people who play violent video games is 40:1::Male:Female.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. Empathy and Interconnectedness: Women tend to be more towards the “interdependent” side of the “view of self” scale than men. Men tend to be moretowards the “independent” side of the “view of self” scale than women.c. Sexual Attitude and Behavior: Males tend to be more promiscuous than women.Other than these three things, men and women are very, very similar.II. Sexual Attitudes and BehaviorMen and women differ in their sexual attitudes and behavior party due to evolutionary benefits of the differences.a. Sexual Promiscuity: Men who engaged in promiscuity were able to create more offspring, and therefore, increase their fitness (ability to reproduce). In addition, it didn’t help a female for her to be promiscuous—females have a limited amount of eggs, while males have a huge amount of sperm, and therefore, a female’s time investment is huge (12 years). This is known as asymmetric parental investment.b. Mate Selection: The best predictor of whether or not a couple will be a couple is to observe the male’s income and the female’s attractiveness. Females select a mate based on the male’s access to resources (more resources indicates a better chance of supporting the offspring). Males, on the other hand, tend to choose mates based on her attractiveness (which is a heuristic for fertility).c. Sexual Jealously: It was an evolutionary benefit for males to know if their partner was having sexual relationships with other males. If a male knows for certain that his partner is having his baby, then he will only spend time and resources raising that child. If the baby is not his, then the male is wasting time and resources raising another male’s offspring (this gives the other male the chance to create more offspring without having to worry about providing resources). This results in males going to extreme measures to make sure their sexual partner is not having sex with any other males.III. Reasons for Gender DifferenceThere are two main reasons for these differences between men and women, which combine to form one “rule”:a. Biology1. Evolution and genes2. Hormonesb. Culture (WE divide the sexes through gender roles, etc…)c. Biological/Cultural Interaction: Whatever differences biology initiates, culture
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