BIOH 113 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 7Lecture 1 (January 29)Define the two terms anatomy and physiology.Answer: Anatomy is the study of a body structure. Physiology is the science of body functions.What are the 9 necessary life functions?Answer: maintaining boundaries; movement; responsiveness; digestion; metabolism; excretion; reproduction; growth; differentiationDefine homeostasis.Answer: homeostasis is the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment.Lecture 2 (February 3) What are the three basic components of feedback systems?Answer: receptor; control center; effectorDefine negative and positive feedback systems.Answer: In negative feedback systems, the output shuts off the original stimulus. In positive feedback systems, the output enhances or exaggerates the original stimulusLecture 3 (February 5)REVIEW ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY.What are the three major body cavities?Answer: Cranial cavity, thoracic cavity, and abdominopelvic cavity.What are the three meninges layers and what is the function of meninges?Answer: Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. Meninges help to circulate cerebrospinal fluid.Lecture 4 (February 10)What are the two types of hormones?Answer: lipid and water soluble hormonesWhat are the two ways in which hormones can circulate in the blood?Answer: hormones can circulate in the blood either in free form or bound form. Steroid and thyroid hormones are attached to plasma proteins and all others travel freely.What are the three types of hormone interaction? Name and define them.Answer: permissiveness—one hormone cannot exert its effects without another hormone beingpresent; synergism—more than one hormone produces the same effects on a target cell; antagonism—one or more hormones opposes the action of another hormone Lecture 5 (February 12)What are the seven hormones of the adenohypophysis?Answer: growth hormone; thyroid stimulating hormone; adrenocorticotropic hormone; follicle stimulating hormone; luteinizing hormone; prolactin; and melanocyte stimulating hormoneWhat do tropic hormones do?Answer: Tropic hormones regulate the activity of other endocrine glands.What is the largest endocrine gland that is located in the anterior neck and consists of two later lobes connected by the isthmus?Answer: Thyroid GlandLecture 6 (February 17)Where are the adrenal glands located, and what is another name for them?Answer: The adrenal glands are also referred to as suprarenal glands and are located on top of the kidneys.What are the two “sub-glands” that make up the adrenal glands?Answer: The adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex.What are the three layers of the adrenal cortex and what are the corticosteroids that they produce?Answer: Zona glomerulosa is the outermost layer and is responsible for mineralocorticoids. Zona fasciculate is the middle layer and is responsible for glucocorticoids. Zona reticularis is the innermost layer and is responsible for gonadocorticoids. Lecture 7 (February 19)Is blood a tissue, if so what kind?Answer: Yes, blood is connective tissue.What are the three formed elements?Answer: Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. Remember only the leukocytes (white blood cells) are true cells. What is hematopoiesis?Answer: hematopoiesis is the formation of blood cells. REMEMBER: Erythropoiesis is the formation of red blood cells. Leucopoiesis is the formation of white blood cells. Thrombopoiesis is the formation of