PHY 182 1st Edition Lecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture - Otto Cycle and Stirling Engine- Refrigerators- Carnot CycleOutline of Current Lecture - History of Electricity - What is Charge?Current LectureHistory of Electricity- Greeks found that amber could attract or repel other objects just by rubbing on it. The Greek word for amber is "elektron"; this is where our word for electron and electricity comes from.- What is considered positive and negative charge is by convention, chosen arbitrarily by Benjamin Franklin.- All atoms are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. An atom's number of protons and electrons determines its charge.- Atoms are considered to be neutral unless ionized (an electron is lost or gained).What is Charge?- The sum of electric charges in an isolated system is always constant (this is the law of conservation of charge).- Charge is quantized, which means that it comes it definite amounts and cannot be foundin smaller amounts than the fundamental unit of charge.- A conductor is a material in which charge can flow easily.- An insulator is a material in which charge can flow only slightly (it is MUCH more difficultfor charge to flow through an insulator than through a conductor).- Metals are good conductors.- The SI unit for charge is the coulomb (C).These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Coulomb created a law in which the electric force that is present between two charges can be calculated: F=kq1q2/r2, k being the electrostatic constant and r being the distance between the two
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